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61,005 resultsShowing papers similar to Detection of microplastic contamination in table salts in Padang City, Indonesia, and control strategies for choosing healthy salt
ClearMicroplastic contamination in Indonesian consumable salts
Researchers analyzed both traditionally produced and commercial branded sea salts from Indonesia and found microplastics in all samples tested. Traditionally produced salts contained the highest contamination levels, with up to 3,753 particles per kilogram, though branded salts also contained significant amounts. The study indicates that sea salt is a notable dietary source of microplastic exposure for consumers.
The Existence, Characteristics, Sources, and Impact of Microplastics in Salt Products in Indonesia
This systematic literature review described the presence, characteristics, sources, and health impacts of microplastics in Indonesian salt products, finding consistent contamination across regions with PP, PE, and PA as dominant polymer types. The main contamination sources were polluted seawater used in salt production and unmanaged plastic waste near coastal evaporation ponds.
Microplastic contamination and risk assessment in salts from India And Sri Lanka
Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in commonly available salts from India and Sri Lanka, including sea salt, rock salt, and refined table salt. Microplastics were detected across most salt varieties, indicating that this staple condiment is a dietary route of human microplastic exposure in South Asia.
From sea to table: Assessing microplastic contamination in local and non-local salt in Bali, Indonesia
All 20 brands of table salt tested in Bali, Indonesia contained microplastics, with an average of 173 particles per kilogram. Based on typical salt consumption, residents ingest roughly one microplastic particle per day from salt alone, highlighting how everyday foods serve as a constant low-level source of microplastic exposure.
Microplastic contamination of table salts from Taiwan, including a global review
Researchers analyzed table salt products sold in Taiwan for microplastic contamination and detected an average of nearly 10 microplastic particles per kilogram of salt. Polypropylene and polyethylene were the most commonly identified polymer types. The study includes a global comparison showing that microplastic contamination of table salt is a widespread phenomenon, representing a consistent low-level dietary exposure pathway for consumers.
Microplastic pollution from sea salt: its effect on public health and prevention alternatives - a review
This review examines microplastic contamination in sea salt from countries that export to Indonesia, summarizing polymer types, contamination levels, public health effects of ingested microplastics, and potential prevention strategies to reduce human salt-borne plastic exposure.
Identification of Microdebris in Traditional Salts Processes from Sea Water in Woha-West Nusa Tenggara and Takalar Lama-South Sulawesi
This Indonesian study identified microdebris including microplastics in traditionally produced salt from two regions, finding contamination at multiple stages of the salt-making process. Microplastic contamination in table salt represents a direct route of human ingestion for people who consume salt produced from polluted coastal seawater.
Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined microplastic contamination in table salt from around the world. It found that microplastics are present in most salt products intended for human consumption, with sea salt generally containing more particles than rock or lake salt, representing a consistent source of dietary microplastic exposure.
Microparticles in Table Salt: Levels and Chemical Composition of the Smallest Dimensional Fraction
Analysis of commercially available table salts found microplastic particles and non-synthetic micro-particles in multiple brands, with the smallest size fractions being most abundant and most difficult to identify. The study raises concerns about human dietary exposure to microplastics through a universally consumed food product.
Microplastic Pollution in Table Salts from China
Researchers analyzed table salts produced in China and found microplastics contaminating samples from multiple salt types, suggesting that salt production processes and source water quality influence the extent of microplastic contamination in a common food ingredient.
A study of the microplastic contamination of commercial table salts: A case study in Nigeria
Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in eight commercial table salt brands sold in southwest Nigeria, detecting MPs in all samples with concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 13.8 particles per kilogram, predominantly fibers and fragments of polyethylene and polypropylene.
Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Food Grade Salts in India
Researchers analyzed 30 brands of food-grade salt available in India and found microplastics in all samples, with sea salt containing 13 to 27 particles per 100 grams and rock salt containing 8 to 29 particles per 100 grams. Particle sizes ranged from about 19 to 1,433 micrometers, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was the most commonly identified polymer. The study suggests that salt is a routine dietary source of microplastic exposure for consumers.
Microplastic contamination in table salt sold in the selected local markets inSamar, Philippines
Researchers tested for microplastic contamination in commercial table salt sold in local markets in Samar, Philippines, a seafood-dependent region where marine microplastic contamination is a direct food safety concern. Microplastics were detected in salt samples, confirming that this widely consumed condiment is a pathway for human microplastic ingestion in Philippine communities.
Effect of plastic waste pollution in seawater to microplastic contamination in salt fields at Rembang
This study found microplastic particles in sea salt harvested from salt pans in Rembang, Indonesia, tracing their origin to plastic waste in the surrounding seawater. The findings add to growing evidence that microplastics contaminate table salt, representing a direct route of human dietary exposure to plastic particles.
Risk assessment of microplastic in commercial salt sold in Malaysia
Researchers conducted a risk assessment of microplastics in commercial table salt sold in Malaysia, finding that contaminated seawater used during sea salt production introduces microplastics into a widely consumed daily food ingredient with potential adverse health effects.
Microplastic contamination in edible sea salt from the largest salt-producing states of India
Microplastics were found in edible sea salt samples from the major salt-producing states of India, with crystal salt containing lower concentrations than powdered salt, and fibers and fragments as the dominant types, confirming that sea salt is a source of human dietary microplastic exposure in South Asia.
Consuming microplastics? Investigation of commercial salts as a source of microplastics (MPs) in diet
Researchers analyzed various commercial Australian salts, including both marine and terrestrial varieties, for microplastic contamination. The study detected microplastics in all salt samples tested, including the first detection in black salt, indicating that commercial table salt is a potential dietary source of microplastic exposure for humans.
Microplastic Contamination in Table Salt: A Study of Consumer Behavior in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in table salt from Bangladesh and found that locally refined salt contained an average of 12 to 23 particles per kilogram, while commercial brands showed no detectable contamination due to more thorough refining processes. The study also explored consumer behavior and found that 71% of local salt users believed it was healthier than branded salt, despite the contamination risk. The findings highlight the need for better quality control and consumer education around microplastic exposure through everyday food products.
The presence of microplastics in commercial salts from different countries
Researchers analyzed 17 commercial salt brands from eight countries and found microplastic particles in all but one, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 particles per kilogram. The most common plastics were polypropylene and polyethylene, appearing mainly as fragments. While the estimated human intake from salt alone appears minimal, the study confirms that microplastics have infiltrated yet another everyday food product.
Assessment of microplastics in edible salts from solar saltpans and commercial salts
Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in sea salts from solar salt pans in Tamil Nadu, India, and several commercial salt brands. The study confirmed the presence of microplastics in all salt pan samples and two commercial salt brands, with fewer than 350 polymer fragments per sample representing multiple polymer types. These findings suggest that sea salt production is a pathway for microplastic contamination to reach human diets.
Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics Part A Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment
This study analyzed 16 brands of table salt from Turkish markets and found microplastics in most samples, with concentration varying by salt type and source. The findings add to growing global evidence that microplastics have entered the human food chain through commercial sea and lake salt.
Detection and Characterization of Microplastics in Commercial Salts in India
Researchers detected and characterized microplastics in commercial salts available in India, including rock salt, sea salt, and table salt varieties. The study found widespread microplastic contamination across salt types, raising food safety concerns given the ubiquity of salt as a dietary staple.
Contamination of Indian sea salts with microplastics and a potential prevention strategy
All eight brands of Indian sea salt tested were found to contain microplastics, with concentrations ranging widely across brands, and the study proposed using improved salt harvesting methods to reduce contamination. The findings add to global evidence of widespread microplastic contamination in commercially sold sea salt, with direct implications for human dietary exposure.
Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics
Sixteen brands of table salt sold in Turkish markets — including sea, lake, and rock salts — were found to contain microplastics, with the highest concentrations in sea salt. The study adds to global evidence of microplastic contamination in commercially sold salt and indicates widespread human dietary exposure through this common food ingredient.