Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review

This review summarizes how ammonia nitrogen pollution in aquatic environments affects fish health, including damage to blood, organs, immune function, and tissue structure. Researchers found that ammonia exposure triggers oxidative stress and bioaccumulation in fish, with toxic effects varying by species and developmental stage. The study highlights the importance of monitoring ammonia levels in waterways to protect aquatic ecosystems and the food chain.

2021 Animals 234 citations
Article Tier 2

Exploring the impact of high salinity and parasite infection on antioxidant and immune systems in Coris julis in the Pityusic Islands (Spain)

Researchers examined how high salinity from desalination plant discharge and parasite infection affect the antioxidant and immune systems of a Mediterranean fish species. They found that elevated salinity combined with parasitic infection caused significant oxidative stress and immune suppression in the fish. The study suggests that coastal pollution from desalination may compound the effects of natural stressors on marine wildlife.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Increased ingestion and toxicity of polyamide microplastics in Nile tilapia with increase of salinity

Researchers found that exposing Nile tilapia fish to polyamide microplastics in increasingly salty water caused greater microplastic accumulation, more blood cell abnormalities, and worse damage to gills and intestines. Higher salinity made the fish ingest more microplastics and suffer more severe toxic effects. Since climate change is increasing saltwater intrusion into freshwater habitats, this suggests that microplastic toxicity to aquatic life and the fish humans eat could worsen over time.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of Ammonia Nitrogen Exposure in Immune Defenses Present on Spleen and Head-Kidney of Wuchang Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Researchers investigated chronic ammonia exposure effects on Wuchang bream, finding dose-dependent immune suppression in the spleen and head-kidney through disruption of inflammatory signaling pathways and antioxidant defense mechanisms.

2022 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 37 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxicity of Ammonia Stress on the Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei under Seawater and Low-Salinity Conditions

This study examined how ammonia stress damages the gills of Pacific white shrimp raised in both seawater and low-salinity conditions. While not directly about microplastics, the findings are relevant because microplastics in aquaculture water can worsen ammonia toxicity, and the gill damage observed -- including disrupted ion balance and immune function -- highlights how environmental stressors compound threats to seafood safety.

2024 Biology 20 citations
Article Tier 2

Toxic Effects of Ammonia Exposure on Growth and Hematological Response of Clarias Batrachus (linneaeus, 1758)

Researchers investigated the effects of ammonia exposure on the catfish Clarias batrachus, finding that increasing ammonia concentrations over three months significantly impaired growth performance and altered hematological parameters.

2023 Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Alteration of growth, hematology, histopathology of tissues and immune-antioxidant genes expression in Nile tilapia following co-exposure of hexavalent chromium and polyamide microplastics

Researchers exposed Nile tilapia to hexavalent chromium alone, polyamide microplastics alone, and their combination, finding that co-exposure caused greater growth inhibition, hematological changes, intestinal and liver damage, and suppressed antioxidant and immune gene expression than either pollutant individually.

2025 Ecotoxicology
Article Tier 2

The Effects of Acute Exposure to Ammonia on Oxidative Stress, Hematological Parameters, Flesh Quality, and Gill Morphological Changes of the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

This study examined how ammonia exposure affects a commercially important fish species, causing liver stress, blood chemistry changes, gill damage, and reduced meat quality. While focused on ammonia rather than microplastics, the research is relevant because microplastics can carry and release ammonia and other nitrogen compounds in aquaculture environments. The findings illustrate how chemical pollutants in fish farming can reduce both the safety and nutritional quality of seafood consumed by people.

2023 Animals 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Modulatory effects of dietary prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) peel on high salinity tolerance, growth rate, immunity and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Researchers found that adding small amounts of prickly pear peel (about 1–2 g per kg of feed) to Nile tilapia diets improved their growth, immune function, and antioxidant defenses, as well as their ability to tolerate high-salt conditions — offering a low-cost, natural way to improve fish health in aquaculture.

2024 Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Co-exposure toxicity of microplastic and sumithion in Nile tilapia – changes in growth, hematology, histopathology of internal tissues and immune-antioxidant genes expression

Researchers studied the combined effects of polyamide microplastics and the pesticide sumithion on Nile tilapia, a widely farmed fish species. They found that co-exposure reduced growth, disrupted blood parameters, caused tissue damage in gills and intestines, and altered immune and antioxidant gene expression more severely than either pollutant alone. The study highlights that microplastics and pesticides together may pose amplified threats to fish health in contaminated aquaculture environments.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Salinity-dependent effects of integrated biofloc technology on reproductive performance, biological responses, and offspring quality in red tilapia aquaculture

Researchers evaluated how different salinity levels affect the reproductive performance and offspring quality of red tilapia raised in biofloc aquaculture systems. They found that biofloc technology improved egg production, antioxidant capacity, and immune responses compared to clear water systems. The study provides practical guidance for optimizing tilapia breeding conditions in sustainable aquaculture operations.

2025 Aquaculture International 4 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Acute Ammonia Stress on Antioxidant Responses, Histopathology and Ammonia Detoxification Metabolism in Triangle Sail Mussels (Hyriopsis cumingii)

Triangle sail mussels exposed to sub-lethal ammonia concentrations showed antioxidant enzyme activation followed by inhibition, with the highest stress responses in gills and hepatopancreas and histopathological damage suggesting oxidative stress as a key mechanism of ammonia toxicity.

2021 Water 35 citations
Article Tier 2

The protective efficacy of dual dietary rosemary plus cinnamon mix against lead nitrate-induced immune suppression, genotoxicity, and oxidant/antioxidant status in Nile tilapia fingerlings

Researchers tested whether a dietary mix of rosemary and cinnamon could protect Nile tilapia from the harmful effects of lead exposure. Fish exposed to lead showed reduced growth, suppressed immunity, increased oxidative stress, and DNA damage, but those fed the herbal supplement showed significant improvements across all measures. The study suggests that rosemary and cinnamon supplementation may help mitigate heavy metal toxicity in farmed fish.

2023 Aquaculture International 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Multi‐Biomarkers' Responses in Gills of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate and Polyethylene Microplastic, Isolated and in Mixture

Researchers exposed tilapia fish to polyethylene microplastics and the herbicide glyphosate, both alone and in combination, and examined gill tissue for signs of damage. They found that the mixture of both contaminants caused more severe oxidative stress and tissue damage than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that microplastics and agricultural chemicals may interact in waterways to amplify harmful effects on fish health.

2024 Environmental Toxicology 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and copper on antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Researchers examined the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and copper on Nile tilapia and found that co-exposure increased copper accumulation in the liver and caused tissue damage in multiple organs. High concentrations of both contaminants together triggered oxidative stress, inflammation, and shifts in intestinal microbial communities. The study suggests that microplastics can worsen the toxic effects of heavy metals on freshwater fish.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 67 citations
Article Tier 2

Trace minerals, antioxidant defense, and safe consumption of Nile tilapia: insights from ecological variability in lake Mariout, Egypt

Researchers assessed trace mineral accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and health risks in Nile tilapia collected from two restored basins of Lake Mariout, Egypt, finding no non-carcinogenic risk at normal consumption levels and upregulated metal-regulatory and antioxidant genes in fish from the more contaminated basin.

2026 Scientific Reports
Article Tier 2

Antioxidants and molecular damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to microplastics

Researchers exposed juvenile Nile Tilapia to different concentrations of microplastics for 15 days followed by a recovery period. The study found dose-dependent increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA fragmentation, and altered protein patterns in fish exposed to microplastics. Evidence indicates that while fish exposed to the lowest concentration recovered after the treatment ended, higher doses caused more persistent damage.

2020 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 192 citations
Article Tier 2

Hemato-Serological Findings as Early signals in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Treated with Benzalkonium Chloride

Researchers found that benzalkonium chloride exposure caused significant changes in blood parameters and serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia, demonstrating that hemato-serological indices can serve as early biomarkers for assessing the toxicity of this common aquaculture disinfectant.

2023 Baghdad Science Journal 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Growth performance and hematological, biochemical, and histological characters of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) cultivated in an aquaponic system with green onion: The first study about the aquaponic system in Sohag, Egypt

This study assessed the performance of an aquaponics system combining fish cultivation with green onion production, examining water quality, fish health, and growth. The paper is focused on aquaponics system performance rather than microplastic contamination.

2022 Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics in aquaculture - Potential impacts on inflammatory processes in Nile tilapia

Researchers fed Nile tilapia a diet containing a mixture of four common microplastics and found that the particles triggered inflammatory responses in both adult and juvenile fish. The microplastics activated immune pathways and caused tissue changes in the gut and other organs, with juveniles being more sensitive. Since tilapia is one of the most widely farmed fish in the world, these findings raise concerns about the safety of farm-raised fish exposed to microplastic-contaminated water.

2024 Heliyon 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastics on Gene Expression, Muscular Performance, and Immunological Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Seasonal and Habitat Variations

Researchers found microplastics in both the gut and muscle tissue of Nile tilapia fish from two sites along the Nile River in Egypt, with contamination levels varying by season and location. The microplastics activated genes linked to muscle wasting, cell death, and inflammation while suppressing growth-related genes, with the worst effects seen during summer months. Since tilapia is a widely consumed fish, these findings raise concerns about microplastic-related damage being passed to humans through the food supply.

2025 Marine Biotechnology 5 citations
Clinical Trial Tier 1

Effects of Microplastics on the Oxygen Consumption and Histological Changes of the Cultured Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

This study found that microplastic exposure caused tissue damage in the gills and intestines of tilapia fish, with higher concentrations leading to more severe changes. Since tilapia is widely consumed worldwide, these findings raise questions about whether microplastics in farmed fish could affect the quality and safety of the seafood on our plates.

2024 Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil synergistically intensify toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

This study found that polystyrene nanoplastics and engine oil together caused much worse damage to Nile tilapia fish than either pollutant alone, triggering severe inflammation, blood cell changes, and oxidative stress. The combined exposure overwhelmed the fish's natural defenses and caused significant organ damage. Since tilapia is a widely consumed fish, this research highlights how mixtures of pollutants in waterways could compound health risks for both aquatic life and humans who eat contaminated seafood.

2024 BMC Veterinary Research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Deleterious Effects of Polypropylene Microplastic Ingestion in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Researchers fed Nile tilapia daily doses of polypropylene microplastics for 30 days and observed significant health effects including changes in blood cell counts, altered gut bacteria, and tissue damage to the intestines and liver. The higher dose group showed more pronounced effects, including elevated inflammatory markers and signs of oxidative stress. The study provides evidence that chronic ingestion of microplastics commonly found in aquatic environments can cause meaningful harm to a widely consumed fish species.

2023 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19 citations