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Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and copper on antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Researchers examined the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and copper on Nile tilapia and found that co-exposure increased copper accumulation in the liver and caused tissue damage in multiple organs. High concentrations of both contaminants together triggered oxidative stress, inflammation, and shifts in intestinal microbial communities. The study suggests that microplastics can worsen the toxic effects of heavy metals on freshwater fish.
Microplastics (MPs) coexist with other pollutants (such as heavy metals) in water, adversely impacting aquatic organisms, which might cause unpredictable ecological risks. This study aims to evaluate the effect of copper (Cu) and polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia. Cu and PS-MPs co-exposure enhanced Cu bioaccumulation in the liver of fish compared with Cu-alone exposure. Fish exposed to PS-MPs and Cu displayed histopathologic alterations in the liver, intestine and gill. Exposure at low concentrations of Cu in the C0 and CP0 groups can improve antioxidant capacity and immune response, while oxidative damage and inflammation existed in the high concentration of Cu groups. Intestinal microbiota results showed that the diversity and structure were changed by Cu and PS-MPs exposure, and harmful bacterium even increased at high concentration of Cu and PS-MPs exposure groups. All in all, PS-MPs aggravate the accumulation of Cu and lead to perturbations in biological systems of Nile tilapia.
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Combined effects of microplastics and copper on antioxidant capacity, gut microbiome, and metabolomics of Pseudorasbora parva
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Researchers studied the combined effects of microplastics and copper on the freshwater fish Pseudorasbora parva, examining antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and metabolic responses. They found that the presence of microplastics alongside copper actually reduced copper accumulation in tissues and lessened oxidative damage compared to copper exposure alone. The study suggests that while microplastics can alter the toxicity profile of metals in fish, the interactions are complex and involve metabolic adjustments that balance cellular repair and energy expenditure.
Combined effects of microplastics and copper on oxidative responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to microplastics (10 µg/L) and copper (45 µg/L) individually and in combination, finding that fish exposed to both stressors simultaneously exhibited higher oxidative stress across multiple body organs than those exposed to either contaminant alone.
Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) harness copper presence and promote impairments in early zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Developmental, biochemical, transcriptomic approaches and nontargeted metabolomics approaches
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This zebrafish study found that polystyrene microplastics combined with copper produced worse toxic effects than either pollutant alone, causing developmental problems, oxidative stress, immune disruption, and nerve damage in larvae. The combination also disrupted the fish's metabolism in ways that neither pollutant caused independently. This is concerning because microplastics readily absorb heavy metals like copper in the environment, meaning organisms are often exposed to both together.
Toxic Effect of Combined Exposure of Microplastics and Copper on Goldfish (Carassius auratus): Insight from Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis and Autophagy in Hepatopancreas and Intestine
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Researchers found that combined exposure to microplastics and copper in goldfish significantly enhanced copper accumulation and tissue damage in the hepatopancreas and intestine, triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy beyond the effects of either pollutant alone.
Combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and natural organic matter on the accumulation and toxicity of copper in zebrafish
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Researchers investigated the combined effects of polystyrene microplastics and natural organic matter on copper accumulation and toxicity in zebrafish. They found that microplastics increased copper accumulation in the liver and gut, and that natural organic matter further amplified this effect in a size-dependent manner. The study suggests that microplastics in natural waters can interact with dissolved organic matter and metals to create more harmful exposure conditions for aquatic organisms.
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