Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Impact of Microplastics on the Carbon and Nitrogen of Vermicompost

This study evaluated the effect of polyethylene, polypropylene, and PET microplastics on carbon and nitrogen content in vermicompost produced by earthworms. Microplastic addition altered C:N ratios in vermicompost, with effects on soil quality metrics relevant to agricultural use of this organic amendment.

2024 Environmental Quality Management 1 citations
Article Tier 2

El vermicompostaje una alternativa para potenciar la agricultura urbana

This paper is not relevant to microplastics research — it is a Spanish-language review of vermicomposting techniques using earthworms to process organic solid waste for urban agriculture applications.

2023 Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Review on advances in toxic pollutants remediation by solid waste composting and vermicomposting

Researchers review how composting and vermicomposting — using earthworms and microbes to break down organic waste — can neutralize heavy metals and persistent chemical pollutants in solid waste streams. Notably, earthworms have been found to break microplastics down into even smaller nanoplastics during digestion, raising new questions about whether vermicomposting spreads rather than eliminates plastic contamination.

2024 Scientific African 23 citations
Review Tier 2

Vermicomposting as a potential strategy for microplastic reduction in organic waste: mini review

This review evaluates vermicomposting as a biological approach for reducing microplastic contamination in organic waste streams. Researchers found evidence that earthworms can physically fragment and partially break down certain types of microplastics during the composting process, though effects on earthworm health vary by plastic type and concentration. The study suggests that vermicomposting shows promise as a strategy for mitigating microplastic contamination in compost, but more research is needed on long-term impacts.

2025 Environmental and Agriculture Management 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Vermicomposting leads to more abundant microplastics in the municipal excess sludge

Researchers found that vermicomposting of municipal excess sludge leads to increased microplastic concentrations in the treated material compared to the input sludge, raising concerns that this widely-used organic amendment technology may concentrate and spread microplastic contamination in soils.

2022 Chemosphere 23 citations
Article Tier 2

Análise da eficiência de compostagem e vermicompostagem para resíduos sólidos orgânicos com inserção de material biodegradável

Researchers analysed the efficiency of composting and vermicomposting for organic solid waste in Brazil, incorporating biodegradable materials and evaluating how these treatment approaches can reduce the approximately 45.3% of urban solid waste that currently ends up in landfills.

2024 Periódico Eletrônico Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista.
Article Tier 2

Impact of Vermicomposting with Soil Enriched with Plastic and Different Biodegradable Wastes on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters of Soil

Researchers examined the impact of vermicomposting on soil enriched with conventional and biodegradable plastics, measuring how earthworm activity altered plastic fragmentation and soil properties. Results showed that vermicomposting accelerated the breakdown of some plastic types while earthworms ingested plastic particles, potentially dispersing them through the soil profile.

2024 Indian Journal of Ecology
Article Tier 2

Preliminary prospections on the fate of microplastics during vermicomposting of sewage sludge

Researchers tracked microplastic abundance through the vermicomposting stages of sewage sludge — from fresh sludge through aged sludge, vermicompost, and earthworm castings — finding a 52% reduction in microplastic concentration from initial sludge to vermicompost when particles were classified by size, color, and polymer type using micro-Raman spectroscopy.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Preliminary prospections on the fate of microplastics during vermicomposting of sewage sludge

Researchers tracked microplastic abundance through the vermicomposting stages of sewage sludge — from fresh sludge through aged sludge, vermicompost, and earthworm castings — finding a 52% reduction in microplastic concentration from initial sludge to vermicompost when particles were classified by size, color, and polymer type using micro-Raman spectroscopy.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Impacts of microplastics and heavy metals on the earthworm Eisenia fetida and on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Researchers found that co-contamination by polypropylene microplastics and heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn) had synergistic adverse effects on earthworms and soil quality, reducing organic carbon and nitrogen levels more than either contaminant alone.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Effect of agricultural microplastic and mesoplastic in the vermicomposting process: Response of Eisenia fetida and quality of the vermicomposts obtained

Researchers found that agricultural plastic waste in vermicomposting reduced earthworm survival by 10% and body weight by 15%, altered nutrient content of the resulting compost, and induced oxidative stress regardless of plastic particle size or UV pretreatment.

2023 Environmental Pollution 8 citations
Article Tier 2

The Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Low-density Polyethylene Microplastics in Organic Material on Vermicomposting Process

Researchers assessed the effects of polyethylene terephthalate and low-density polyethylene microplastics on vermicomposting of organic material, measuring germination index, C/N ratio, worm survival, pH, and electrical conductivity and finding that both MP polymer types impair key composting process indicators.

2025 Current Applied Science and Technology
Article Tier 2

Effect of microplastics in sludge impacts on the vermicomposting

Researchers examined how adding polyethylene microplastic particles to sludge affects vermicomposting performance. The study found that higher microplastic concentrations reduced the efficiency of organic matter removal, impaired composting quality, and caused oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in earthworms, with bacterial diversity also declining in heavily contaminated treatments.

2021 Bioresource Technology 62 citations
Article Tier 2

Enhancing domestic wastewater treatment: Integrating vermifiltration and biochar for heavy metal and microplastic reduction and by-product utilization

Researchers tested a wastewater treatment system combining earthworms and biochar — a carbon-rich material made by burning organic matter — and found it removed up to 88.6% of microplastics and nearly 100% of several heavy metals from domestic wastewater. The system also produced nutrient-rich organic matter as a byproduct, offering a low-cost, eco-friendly solution for water treatment and soil improvement.

2024 Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Plastic contamination of composts derived from feedstocks with and without food waste

Researchers investigated plastic contamination levels in composts derived from feedstocks with and without food waste, examining how organic waste amendments may act as vectors for introducing plastic fragments into terrestrial soils. A vermiculture composting approach was used to assess the fate of plastics through the composting process.

2025 Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Article Tier 2

Synergistic Effects of Earthworms and Plants on Chromium Removal from Acidic and Alkaline Soils: Biological Responses and Implications

Not relevant to microplastics — this study examines how earthworms and plants work together to remove chromium from contaminated soils, testing bioremediation effectiveness across different soil acidities and pollution levels.

2023 Biology 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Removal Potential of Microplastics in Organic Solid Wastes via Biological Treatment Approaches

This review examines biological treatment approaches — including composting, anaerobic digestion, and vermicomposting — for removing microplastics from organic solid wastes, finding that while these methods can reduce microplastic abundance, significant knowledge gaps remain about fragmentation and fate during treatment.

2022 6 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of microplastics and heavy metals on the earthworm Eisenia foetida and on soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus

Researchers assessed the combined effects of polypropylene microplastics and a heavy metal mixture (copper, chromium, and zinc) on the earthworm Eisenia foetida and on soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. The study found that co-contamination exacerbated adverse effects on earthworm survival and soil nutrient dynamics compared to single-pollutant exposures, highlighting synergistic risks of combined microplastic and metal pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.

2022 Research Square (Research Square)
Article Tier 2

Microplastics identification and quantification in the composted Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste

Researchers quantified microplastics in composted organic municipal solid waste from five facilities, finding contamination levels that raise concerns about compost quality and the potential transfer of microplastics to agricultural soils through organic waste recycling.

2021 The Science of The Total Environment 125 citations
Article Tier 2

The Effects of Agricultural Plastic Waste on the Vermicompost Process and Health Status of Eisenia fetida

This study assessed the effects of agricultural plastic waste, including LDPE, LLDPE, and expanded polystyrene, on vermicomposting with the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Plastic debris in the compost at 1.25% fresh weight did not significantly affect earthworm survival but altered compost maturation, microbial activity, and resulting compost quality.

2022 Agronomy 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics generation and concentration during mechanical-biological treatment of mixed municipal solid waste

Researchers found that mechanical-biological treatment of mixed municipal solid waste generates and concentrates microplastics across multiple processing stages, with the stabilized organic output containing significant microplastic loads — raising concerns about the use of this material as compost or soil amendment.

2022 Environmental Research 27 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

A Systematic Review on Earthworms in Soil Bioremediation

This systematic review found that earthworm-based bioremediation (vermiremediation), alone or combined with phytoremediation and bioaugmentation, effectively reduces soil contamination from heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons. The research is relevant to microplastics because earthworms interact extensively with soil microplastics, potentially fragmenting them further while also being harmed by plastic particle ingestion.

2023 Applied Sciences 22 citations
Article Tier 2

Municipal solid waste compost: Global trends and biogeochemical cycling

This review examines the growing global use of municipal solid waste compost as a soil enhancer and carbon mitigation tool in agriculture. Researchers analyze how the composition and quality of compost varies based on processing methods and feedstock materials, and discuss its role in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. The study also addresses emerging concerns about compost as a potential pathway for microplastic and heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils.

2023 Soil & Environmental Health 86 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Composting as a Sustainable Solution for Organic Solid Waste Management: Current Practices and Potential Improvements

This systematic review of composting practices finds that technological advances like microbial inoculants and in-vessel systems have improved efficiency, but managing contaminants such as heavy metals and microplastics in compost remains a significant challenge. The presence of microplastics in organic waste streams threatens compost quality and can introduce plastic pollution into agricultural soils.

2024 Sustainability 122 citations