Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Distribution of microplastics in bathyal- to hadal-depth sediments and transport process along the deep-sea canyon and the Kuroshio Extension in the Northwest Pacific

Researchers mapped microplastic distribution from shallow to ultra-deep ocean sediments in the Northwest Pacific, including Sagami Bay and areas beneath the Kuroshio Extension current. The study found the highest microplastic concentrations in abyssal stations and suggests two distinct transport pathways: land-sourced microplastics move to hadal depths via turbidity currents along submarine canyons, while ocean-surface microplastics sink directly to the abyssal plains below.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 citations
Article Tier 2

First long-term evidence of microplastic pollution in the deep subtropical Northeast Atlantic

Researchers found microplastic particles in all 110 sediment trap samples collected over a 12-year period from 2,000-meter depths in the Northeast Atlantic, establishing the deep ocean as a long-term sink for microplastics with fluxes increasing over time.

2022 Environmental Pollution 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments and organisms of the Western Pacific Ocean

Researchers collected deep-sea sediment and organism samples from multiple sites in the western Pacific Ocean and found microplastics at all locations sampled, with depth, distance from land, and current patterns influencing accumulation, confirming the western Pacific deep sea as a significant microplastic sink.

2020 Environmental Pollution 378 citations
Article Tier 2

Settling and along-isopycnal subduction of small microplastics into intermediate layers over the North Pacific Ocean

Researchers investigated the vertical distribution of small microplastics (10-300 micrometers) from the sea surface to 1,000 m depth in the North Pacific Ocean using seawater sampling and hydrographic surveys, finding average concentrations of 6,910 particles per cubic meter and identifying along-isopycnal subduction as a key mechanism transporting small microplastics into intermediate water layers.

2025
Article Tier 2

Plastics from Surface to Seabed: Vertical Distribution of (Micro)plastic Particles in the North Pacific Ocean

Researchers investigated the vertical distribution of microplastics across the water column and deep-sea sediments (>5 km) in the North Pacific Ocean, finding concentrations of 8-2600 items/m3 in the water column and 1100-3200 items/kg in sediments, with distinct patterns across the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Papahanaumokuakea Monument, and a less-polluted open ocean site.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology
Article Tier 2

Plastics from Surfaceto Seabed: Vertical Distributionof (Micro)plastic Particles in the North Pacific Ocean

Researchers investigated the vertical distribution of microplastics from surface waters to deep-sea sediments (>5 km) in the North Pacific Ocean, documenting concentrations of 8-2600 items/m3 in the water column and 1100-3200 items/kg in sediments across the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Papahanaumokuakea Monument, and a less-polluted reference site.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Prevalence of small high-density microplastics in the continental shelf and deep sea waters of East Asia

Researchers collected water samples at multiple depth layers across the continental shelf and deep sea of East Asia and found that small, high-density microplastics were more abundant in deeper waters, suggesting vertical sinking pathways concentrate certain particle types in the deep ocean.

2021 Water Research 112 citations
Article Tier 2

Vertical flux of microplastic, a case study in the Southern Ocean, South Georgia

Researchers deployed floating sediment traps in the Southern Ocean near South Georgia to measure the vertical flux of microplastics, finding that sinking of microplastics represents a significant and understudied pathway for removing plastic from the ocean surface into deep water.

2023 Marine Pollution Bulletin 26 citations
Article Tier 2

Sinking microplastics at a deep-sea seamount in the North Atlantic: a year-long flux study

Sinking microplastics were collected from sediment traps deployed at a deep-sea seamount in the North Atlantic, providing direct evidence of how plastic particles travel from the surface to the deep ocean floor. The study quantifies the deep-sea plastic flux at an ecologically significant seafloor feature.

2025 Microplastics and Nanoplastics 1 citations
Article Tier 2

The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the epipelagic and mesopelagic water column

Remotely operated vehicles and custom samplers were used to collect microplastics from depths of 5–1000 m in Monterey Bay, finding that microplastic concentrations in mesopelagic waters (200–600 m depth) were comparable to or higher than surface concentrations. The study demonstrates that the deep ocean is not merely a sink but an active reservoir of microplastics vertically transported by biological organisms.

2019 Scientific Reports 539 citations
Article Tier 2

First evidence of plastic fallout from the North Pacific Garbage Patch

Researchers provided the first direct evidence that plastic debris from the North Pacific Garbage Patch sinks into the deep ocean, with plastic concentrations declining in a predictable pattern as depth increases. The polymer types found in the deep water matched those floating at the surface, confirming that surface garbage patches are a source of deep-sea plastic contamination.

2020 Scientific Reports 193 citations
Article Tier 2

Falling into the darkness – microplastics sinking fluxes in the deep sea

Researchers deployed a sediment trap at 230 metres depth on the Condor seamount in the Azores for 12 months, collecting 18 sequential samples to quantify seasonal patterns in microplastic sinking fluxes and investigate the mechanisms by which floating microplastics are transported to the deep sea.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Settling and Along-Isopycnal Subduction of Small Microplastics Into Subsurface Layers of the Western North Pacific Ocean

Researchers investigated the vertical distribution of small microplastics (10-300 micrometres) from the sea surface to 1,000 m depth in the western North Pacific Ocean, combining seawater sampling with hydrographic surveys at four stations. They found average SMP concentrations of 6,910 particles/m3, with elevated levels in isopycnal layers at 100-300 m depth and below the North Pacific Intermediate Water, identifying both weak settling and along-isopycnal subduction as transport pathways carrying surface MPs into subsurface layers.

2025 Environmental Science & Technology
Article Tier 2

Profiling the Vertical Transport of Microplastics in the West Pacific Ocean and the East Indian Ocean with a Novel in Situ Filtration Technique

Researchers developed a novel large-volume in situ filtration technique sampling 10 cubic meters of seawater to profile microplastic vertical transport in the West Pacific Ocean and East Indian Ocean, finding that conventional small-volume methods substantially underestimate deep-water microplastic abundance.

2020 Environmental Science & Technology 119 citations
Article Tier 2

Abundance and characteristics of microfibers detected in sediment trap material from the deep subtropical North Atlantic Ocean

Researchers analyzed microfibers collected in sediment traps from the deep subtropical North Atlantic Ocean to characterize their abundance and composition, finding that synthetic fibers are transported through the water column and deposited in deep-sea sediments. The study helps quantify the role of atmospheric and surface inputs in delivering fibrous microplastics to deep marine environments.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Falling into the darkness – microplastics sinking fluxes in the deep sea

Researchers quantified the seasonal sinking flux of microplastics over a 12-month period using a sediment trap deployed at 230 metres depth on the Condor seamount in the Azores, collecting 18 samples each representing 20 days of particle accumulation. The study aimed to clarify the mechanisms — including biofouling and incorporation into particulate organic matter — by which surface microplastics are transported to deep-sea environments.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

A novel method enabling the accurate quantification of microplastics in the water column of deep ocean

A new sampling method was developed to accurately measure microplastics in the deep ocean water column, addressing gaps left by traditional net trawls that miss very small particles. Reliable deep-sea sampling is critical since the deep ocean is thought to be a major sink for global microplastic pollution.

2019 Marine Pollution Bulletin 66 citations
Article Tier 2

Settlingand Along-IsopycnalSubduction of Small MicroplasticsInto Subsurface Layers of the Western North Pacific Ocean

Researchers investigated the vertical distribution of small microplastics (10-300 micrometres) from the sea surface to 1,000 m in the western North Pacific Ocean, using seawater sampling and hydrographic surveys at four stations to relate SMP concentrations to water mass structure. They identified average concentrations of 6,910 particles/m3 and modelled two subduction pathways — weak settling of near-neutral-density particles and along-isopycnal transport — explaining elevated SMP concentrations in subsurface layers below the North Pacific Intermediate Water.

2025 Figshare
Article Tier 2

Microbial communities on plastic particles in surface waters differ from subsurface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Researchers sampled plastic particles from the ocean surface down to 2,000 meters in the North Pacific and found that microbial communities on deep, sinking plastics are rapidly replaced by microbes from surrounding water, suggesting that plastic particles are not an efficient vehicle for transporting surface microorganisms into the deep sea.

2022 Marine Pollution Bulletin 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Unveiling the deep-sea microplastic Odyssey: Characteristics, distribution, and ecological implications in Pacific Ocean sediments

Researchers investigated microplastic contamination in deep-sea sediments from the Pacific Ocean at depths reaching nearly 7,000 meters. They found microplastics at every sampling site, predominantly polyester and rayon fibers, with the highest concentrations in the Western Pacific. The study highlights that microplastic pollution has reached some of the most remote deep-sea environments on Earth, raising concerns about its ecological impact.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Not just a corridor: Hydrodynamic traps and fiber risk in the Kuroshio extension

Researchers conducted the first high-resolution assessment of microplastics in the Kuroshio Extension, a major Northwest Pacific current, finding concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 23.68 items/m³ across 26 sites. Hydrodynamic traps within the current system were identified as MP accumulation zones, and fiber-type plastics posed elevated ecological risk to organisms in the region.

2025 Water Research
Article Tier 2

Fate of microplastics in deep-sea sediments and its influencing factors: Evidence from the Eastern Indian Ocean

Surface sediments from 26 sites in the deep basin of the Eastern Indian Ocean were analyzed for microplastics, finding concentrations ranging widely and influenced by water depth, distance from land, and ocean current patterns. The study extends deep-sea microplastic monitoring to the Indian Ocean and identifies oceanographic transport as a key control on plastic distribution.

2022 The Science of The Total Environment 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Vertical distribution of microplastics in the Western Pacific Warm Pool: In situ results comparison of different sampling method

Researchers explored microplastic pollution at different ocean depths in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, comparing results from two different sampling methods used simultaneously. They found discrepancies between CTD water samplers and large-volume in-situ filtration systems, highlighting the methodological challenges of deep-sea microplastic research. The study provides new data on the vertical distribution of microplastics in a poorly studied region of the open ocean.

2024 Journal of Hazardous Materials 13 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastic sedimentation in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Researchers collected deep-sea sediment samples over six years in the northern Gulf of Mexico to understand how microplastics travel through the water column. They found that microplastic sedimentation appears to be driven by sinking marine particles such as fecal pellets and marine snow. The study provides insights into the pathways by which microplastics reach the deep ocean floor in regions influenced by major river systems like the Mississippi.

2026 Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University)