Papers

20 results
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Article Tier 2

A study on the aquatic degradation of tire wear particles: Impact of environmental factors and material formulations

This study investigated how tire wear particles degrade in aquatic environments, examining the effects of environmental factors such as UV exposure and water chemistry on particle breakdown. The results showed that aquatic degradation alters tire wear particles in ways that may increase their ecotoxicological risk.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Assessing the Biodegradability of Tire Tread Particles and Influencing Factors

Researchers tested the biodegradability of tire tread particles under natural and UV-weathered conditions, finding that biodegradation was limited and that UV weathering affected the process. Tire wear particles persist in the environment and contribute to microplastic, chemical, and particulate matter pollution.

2023 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particles in different water environments: occurrence, behavior, and biological effects—a review and perspectives

This review examines tire wear particles, a major but often overlooked source of microplastics in water environments. Tire particles release toxic chemicals as they break down in water and can harm aquatic organisms, but most research has focused only on the chemical leachate rather than the particles themselves. Since tire wear contributes a large share of total microplastic pollution, understanding its full impact on water ecosystems and the food chain is important for human health.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Determination of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradability of waste tyres

Researchers examined the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of waste tire rubber in aquatic environments, finding very limited biological degradation under both conditions, confirming that tire-derived particles persist as long-term environmental contaminants.

2023 Environmental Sciences Europe 12 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental aging and biodegradation of tire wear microplastics in the aquatic environment

Researchers investigated the environmental aging and biodegradation of tire wear microplastics in freshwater over 12 weeks, finding that biofilm formation and chemical changes occurred but complete biodegradation was limited under the studied conditions.

2023 Journal of environmental chemical engineering 38 citations
Article Tier 2

[Aging and Small-sized Particles Release Characteristics of Tire Microplastics in Various Environmental Media].

Researchers simulated the aging of tire microplastics from cars and electric bicycles under UV illumination in both dry and aquatic environments, finding that 30 days of UV exposure caused surface roughening, cracking, and flaking while increasing the carbonyl index and releasing smaller particles, revealing distinct aging and fragmentation behaviors across environmental media.

2024 PubMed 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation rates and ageing effects of UV on tyre and road wear particles

Researchers studied how UV light degrades tire and road wear particles, which are considered the largest source of microplastics in the environment. They found that UV exposure caused significant surface cracking and chemical changes in the rubber particles, accelerating their breakdown into smaller fragments. The study provides important data on how quickly these particles degrade outdoors, which helps predict their long-term environmental fate and accumulation.

2025 Chemosphere 14 citations
Article Tier 2

Weathering of a micro and nanosized tire particle mixture increases ingestion and growth inhibition in larval fish and juvenile mysid shrimp

Researchers investigated how environmental weathering changes the toxicity of tire particle mixtures to larval fish and juvenile mysid shrimp. The study found that weathered tire particles were more readily ingested and caused greater growth inhibition compared to pristine particles, suggesting that aging in the environment makes tire-derived microplastics more harmful to marine organisms.

2026 Environmental Pollution
Article Tier 2

Effects of sunlight exposure on tire tread particle leachates: Chemical composition and toxicity in aquatic systems

Researchers tested how sunlight exposure changes the chemical composition and toxicity of substances leaching from tire tread particles in water. They found that light-exposed tire particle leachates were significantly more toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities and reduced survival at lower concentrations. The study suggests that the environmental weathering of tire-derived microplastics can make their chemical releases more hazardous to aquatic life over time.

2025 Environmental Pollution 3 citations
Article Tier 2

UV and thermal degradation of tire derivatives: A comparative study of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles

Researchers compared UV and thermal aging behavior of unused tires, recycled tire chips, and tire and road wear particles, finding that material history and particle size influenced degradation rate and benzothiazole leaching—a marker of toxicological concern from tire-derived microplastics.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials Plastics
Article Tier 2

Toxic effects of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on the surface of tire wear particles on freshwater biofilms: The alleviating role after sewage-incubation-aging

Researchers investigated how tire wear particles affect freshwater biofilms, which are communities of microorganisms that play important roles in aquatic ecosystems. They found that reactive chemical compounds on the surface of fresh tire particles caused significant toxicity, reducing photosynthesis and biological activity in the biofilms. The study suggests that aging in sewage environments reduces the toxicity of tire wear particles by breaking down these harmful surface chemicals.

2023 Chemosphere 19 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation rates and ageing effects of UV on tyre and road wear particles

Researchers examined how UV exposure degrades tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) using accelerated ageing experiments, finding that UV irradiation alters particle physicochemical properties in ways relevant to understanding their long-term environmental fate.

2025 TNO Repository
Article Tier 2

A critical review of tire wear particles aging and ecotoxicological consequences in terrestrial environments: Insights into environmentally persistent free radicals

This review synthesizes evidence on how tire wear particles age in terrestrial environments and the resulting ecological consequences. Researchers found that UV-induced aging generates environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species that amplify soil toxicity, while biodegradation may reduce some risks. The study highlights that characterizing aged tire wear particles remains difficult due to their compositional complexity and calls for standardized analytical methods.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Behavior of compounds leached from tire tread particles under simulated sunlight exposure

This study examined what happens to chemicals that leach from tire tread particles when exposed to sunlight. While sunlight broke down about a third of the leached compounds, it also created new transformation products, some of which may be more harmful than the originals. Since tire particles are a major source of microplastics in waterways, understanding how their chemicals change in sunlight is important for assessing real-world health risks.

2024 Water Research 11 citations
Article Tier 2

When and how leachate toxicity of tire wear particles peaks: quantifying its dynamics using dose-response analysis

Researchers quantified how leachate toxicity from tire wear particles (TWP) changes with weathering over time, using aging experiments and toxicity bioassays to map the temporal dynamics of toxic compound release. Toxicity peaked during early weathering as soluble compounds leached rapidly, then declined, providing data relevant to risk assessment of TWP in stormwater runoff.

2024
Article Tier 2

Aging, characterization and sorption behavior evaluation of tire wear particles for tetracycline in aquatic environment

Researchers aged tire wear particles using UV weathering and chemical oxidation and studied how aging affects their sorption of tetracycline antibiotics, finding that weathering significantly alters surface chemistry and increases the capacity of tire particles to adsorb and potentially transport pharmaceutical contaminants.

2023 Chemosphere 16 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Tire wear particles in aquatic environments: A systematic review of sources, detection, distribution, and toxicological impacts

This systematic review examined tire wear particles — a type of microplastic created as tires wear down on roads — as an emerging water pollutant. These particles wash into rivers and oceans through stormwater runoff and contain toxic chemicals that harm aquatic organisms. Since tire wear is one of the largest sources of microplastic pollution, this is relevant to anyone living near roads or consuming seafood.

2025 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - A review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects

Researchers reviewed available science on tire wear particles (TWP) — tiny fragments shed from tires during driving — finding that Europe alone generates over 1.3 million tonnes per year, but critical data on environmental concentrations, transport to waterways, and aquatic toxicity remain too limited for robust ecological risk assessment.

2018 Water Research 944 citations
Article Tier 2

The transport of tyre wear particles in rivers, with a focus on settling and resuspension

Researchers investigated the transport dynamics of tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) in river systems, with particular focus on settling and resuspension processes in aquatic environments, and explored pathways toward groundwater, addressing a gap in understanding TRWP fate in the environment.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Effect of UV exposure and natural aging on the in vitro PAHs bioaccessibility associated with tire wear particles in soil

Researchers examined how UV exposure and natural aging change the ability of tire wear particles to release polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. They found that UV aging increased the surface reactivity of the particles and altered how readily these toxic compounds could be absorbed by living organisms. The study suggests that weathered tire particles in roadside soils may pose greater health risks than fresh ones.

2024 The Science of The Total Environment 7 citations