Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastics on the kidneys: a narrative review

This review summarizes growing evidence that microplastics can accumulate in the kidneys, where they may trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular damage that could worsen kidney function. People with chronic kidney disease may be especially vulnerable because impaired kidney filtration could allow microplastics to build up more readily in their bodies.

2024 Kidney International 47 citations
Systematic Review Tier 1

Microplastic exposure and its consequences for renal and urinary health: systematic review of in vivo studies

This systematic review examines animal studies on how microplastic exposure affects the kidneys and urinary system. The evidence suggests that microplastics can accumulate in kidney tissue and may cause inflammation and oxidative stress, raising concerns about potential long-term effects on human kidney health as our exposure to these particles continues to grow.

2025 All Life 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and Kidneys: An Update on the Evidence for Deposition of Plastic Microparticles in Human Organs, Tissues and Fluids and Renal Toxicity Concern

This review summarizes the growing evidence that microplastics are found throughout the human body, including in the placenta, lungs, liver, heart, blood, and breast milk. While direct evidence for kidney damage in humans is still lacking, animal studies show that microplastics can cause kidney inflammation, cell death, and oxidative stress. The findings highlight that microplastics are accumulating in virtually every human organ, though the long-term health consequences remain unclear.

2023 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 63 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of nano- and microplastics on kidney: Physicochemical properties, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and immunoreaction

Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene nano- and microplastics of varying sizes and tracked their accumulation and effects in the kidneys. They found that the particles changed their physical properties during digestion, accumulated in kidney tissue, and caused oxidative stress and immune responses. The study suggests that plastic particle size plays an important role in determining the extent of kidney-related harm.

2021 Chemosphere 213 citations
Article Tier 2

The detrimental effects of microplastic exposure on kidney function

This review explores the two-way relationship between kidney function and microplastic exposure, asking whether MPs can be cleared renally and whether kidney disease impairs their clearance. Evidence suggests MPs accumulate in kidney tissue and may contribute to disease progression, though clinical data remain limited.

2025 Frontiers in Medicine
Article Tier 2

Kidney and Liver Disorders Due to Microplastic Exposure: Chronic in Vivo Study in Male White Rats

Male white rats were chronically exposed to microplastics (particles 5 mm or smaller) to assess kidney and liver toxicity, with exposure resulting from environmental weathering and ultraviolet irradiation of plastic materials. The study found measurable histopathological and biochemical damage in both organs, confirming that long-term microplastic exposure causes organ-level injury in mammals.

2024 Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Article Tier 2

Micro/nano plastics in the urinary system: Pathways, mechanisms, and health risks.

This review synthesizes emerging evidence on how micro- and nano-plastics reach the urinary system, accumulate in kidney and bladder tissue, and cause damage through oxidative stress, inflammation, and disruption of cellular function. The authors conclude that the urinary system is a primary site of microplastic accumulation and call for more research on long-term health impacts.

2024 Environment international
Article Tier 2

Polyethylene microplastics disrupt renal function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, and histoarchitecture in Wistar rats

Researchers gave rats polyethylene microplastics orally for 28 days and found dose-dependent kidney damage, including impaired filtration, electrolyte imbalances, and tissue inflammation. The microplastics depleted antioxidant defenses, increased oxidative stress markers, and disrupted mitochondrial energy production in kidney cells, identifying the kidneys as a critical target of microplastic toxicity.

2025 Scientific Reports 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on the Kidneys

This review of existing research finds that tiny plastic particles from everyday items can reach your kidneys through your bloodstream and cause damage. The plastic pieces trigger inflammation and create harmful chemical reactions that can harm kidney function and may worsen chronic kidney disease. This matters because we're all exposed to these microscopic plastics daily through food, water, and air, but we're still learning how much damage they might cause to our health.

2026 Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Article Tier 2

Review of microplastics fate in humans with a focus on the urinary system

This review synthesized current knowledge on microplastic fate in the human body, with a particular focus on the urinary system as an excretion pathway. Evidence suggests microplastics can reach the kidneys and urinary tract, raising questions about chronic exposure effects on urinary function.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Toxicological effects of microplastics in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury

Researchers studied how microplastic exposure affects kidney injury and recovery in a mouse model of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. They found that microplastics worsened kidney damage by triggering inflammatory responses and disrupting cellular repair processes. The study suggests that microplastic accumulation in the body may increase vulnerability to kidney complications.

2023 Environmental Toxicology 17 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastics: origin, sources of intake and impact on human health (literature review)

This literature review synthesizes mechanisms by which micro- and nanoplastics interact with living organisms, examining their physicochemical properties, routes of human exposure, and documented health effects across multiple organ systems.

2025 Hygiene and Sanitation
Article Tier 2

Review of microplastics fate in humans with a focus on the urinary system

This review examined the evidence for microplastic accumulation and effects in the human urinary system, compiling studies on renal and bladder tissue detection. The authors identified the urinary tract as a poorly studied route for microplastic excretion and a potential site of chronic low-level injury.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Environmental toxicants and nephrotoxicity: Implications on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

This review examines how environmental toxicants, including microplastics, phthalates, and bisphenol A, can damage the kidneys. These substances can accumulate in kidney tissue after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, triggering inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death. The findings highlight that the kidneys, which filter about 200 liters of fluid daily, are particularly vulnerable to harm from the growing levels of plastic-related pollutants in our environment.

2024 Toxicology 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of Microplastic (MP) Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Doses on the Structure, Function, and Transcriptome of the Kidney in Mice

Researchers exposed mice to polystyrene microplastics at doses matching levels found in the environment and examined the effects on kidney structure and function. While the microplastics did not cause obvious physical damage to the kidneys, they altered blood markers of kidney function and changed gene expression patterns related to immune response and metabolism. The study suggests that even low-level microplastic exposure may subtly affect kidney biology at the molecular level.

2023 Molecules 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Micro- and nanoplastic in the human digestive and urinary system

This review summarized scientific evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics ingested through food reach the digestive and urinary systems, examining what is known about their behavior in the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys and the associated health risks.

2025 Acta Balneologica
Article Tier 2

The threat of microplastics to human kidney health: Mechanisms of nephrotoxicity and future research directions

This review examines the growing evidence that microplastics can reach and damage human kidneys, where they were first detected in 2023. Short-term exposure triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, while long-term exposure may lead to kidney scarring through a process called ferroptosis, a type of cell death linked to iron buildup. The authors propose that microplastics may also activate the immune system in kidneys through a gut-kidney connection, highlighting that kidney health is an important but overlooked concern in microplastic research.

2025 Environmental Research 7 citations
Article Tier 2

MicroRaman spectroscopy detects the presence of microplastics in human urine and kidney tissue

Scientists confirmed for the first time that microplastics accumulate in human kidney tissue, finding 26 plastic particles in kidney and urine samples using advanced spectroscopy. The most common plastics found were polyethylene and polystyrene, with particles ranging from 1 to 29 micrometers in kidneys, providing the first direct evidence that microplastics can deposit in human kidneys.

2024 Environment International 172 citations
Article Tier 2

Microplastics and CKD: Are we overlooking the role of ecotoxins

This review argues that microplastics deserve greater consideration as a contributing factor to chronic kidney disease, synthesizing evidence that MPs can accumulate in renal tissue, trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, and may represent an underappreciated environmental driver of CKD.

2025 Bulgarian Portal for Open Science
Article Tier 2

#6111 First Identification and Characterization of Microplastics in Human Kidney and Urine

Researchers report the first identification of microplastics in human kidney tissue and urine samples. Using microscopy and spectroscopy, they detected plastic particles in all kidney and urine samples examined, with polyethylene and polypropylene among the most common types found. The study adds kidneys and urine to the growing list of human organs and body fluids where microplastics have been documented, raising questions about potential effects on kidney function.

2023 Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 18 citations
Article Tier 2

Effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on the kidney and cardiovascular system

This review summarizes evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics found in human hearts, kidneys, blood, and urine can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and metabolic disruption. Kidney dialysis patients may face especially high exposure, and clinical evidence suggests particulate plastic exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

2025 Nature Reviews Nephrology 24 citations
Article Tier 2

The nephrotoxic potential of polystyrene microplastics at realistic environmental concentrations

Researchers tested polystyrene microplastics on human kidney cells at concentrations reflecting real-world environmental levels. They found that the particles attached to and were engulfed by the cells, triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that reduced cell survival. The findings suggest that even realistic low-level microplastic exposure may pose risks to kidney health.

2021 Journal of Hazardous Materials 119 citations
Article Tier 2

In vivo test of acute exposure of polyethylene microplastics on kidney and liver of Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats

Researchers exposed male rats to a single dose of polyethylene microplastics and monitored them for 14 days, finding significant changes in body weight, elevated markers of kidney and liver stress in blood tests, and visible tissue abnormalities under microscopy. The results indicate that even short-term, high-dose microplastic exposure can cause measurable organ damage in mammals.

2024 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Plasticopathology: Multi-Organ Damage and One Health Implications of Micro- and Nanoplastics

This review synthesizes findings from animal studies conducted between 2019 and 2025 on tissue damage caused by micro- and nanoplastics across multiple organ systems. Researchers found consistent patterns of tissue injury including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular degeneration in the gut, liver, kidneys, reproductive organs, and nervous system, with severity often depending on particle size, exposure route, and duration.

2026 Trends in Biological Sciences