Papers

61,005 results
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Article Tier 2

A Comprehensive Review of Climatic Threats and Adaptation of Marine Biodiversity

This comprehensive review examines how climate change threatens marine biodiversity through rising ocean temperatures, acidification, and habitat loss. Among the many environmental stressors discussed, microplastic pollution is highlighted as an additional threat that compounds the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. The paper evaluates adaptation strategies like marine protected areas and habitat restoration that could help protect the ocean ecosystems humans depend on for food.

2024 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Future importance of healthy oceans: Ecosystem functions and biodiversity, marine pollution, carbon sequestration, ecosystem goods and services

This review examines the health of the Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem, identifying climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss as major threats. Microplastic pollution is among the chemical threats identified, with serious implications for fisheries that support hundreds of millions of people in South and Southeast Asia.

2019 Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics 11 citations
Article Tier 2

Trends and Evolution in the Concept of Marine Ecosystem Services: An Overview

This overview reviews the evolution of the marine ecosystem services concept, examining how human activities increasingly pressure ocean environments. Researchers found that pollution, including plastic and microplastic contamination, is among the growing threats to the marine ecosystem services that support food production, climate regulation, and coastal protection. The study emphasizes the need for effective management strategies to balance human use with ocean health.

2021 Water 83 citations
Article Tier 2

Foreword

This foreword to an ocean conservation publication emphasizes the vital role of oceans in human survival and lists the major threats they face, including plastic pollution, acidification, and biodiversity loss. It frames ocean protection as a human health and economic priority, not just an environmental one.

2017 Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks
Article Tier 2

Re-thinking human interactions with the oceans

This review examines the interconnected ways human activities are damaging marine ecosystems, including through chemical and microbial pollution, harmful algal blooms, and loss of biodiversity. The authors argue that despite international agreements and treaties, ocean-related risks continue to escalate due to a lack of political commitment. The study calls for new integrated approaches to balance human wellbeing with ocean sustainability.

2024 Royal Society Open Science 3 citations
Article Tier 2

Time for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes

This review called for decisive actions to protect freshwater ecosystems from global changes including climate change, habitat modification, pollution, and invasive species, emphasizing the critical services these ecosystems provide to humans.

2022 Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 33 citations
Article Tier 2

Impacts of plastic pollution in the oceans on marine species, biodiversity and ecosystems

This comprehensive report documented the extensive impacts of plastic pollution on marine species, biodiversity, and ecosystems worldwide, revealing a rapidly worsening situation that demands immediate international action to protect ocean health.

2022 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) 84 citations
Article Tier 2

Valuing biodiversity and ecosystem services: a useful way to manage and conserve marine resources?

This review examines whether assigning monetary values to marine biodiversity and ecosystem services effectively supports ocean conservation and management. The authors find that while ecosystem valuation is an established approach on land, its use in marine environments lags behind due to the practical challenges of ocean research and complex governance structures.

2016 Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 51 citations
Article Tier 2

Oceanic pollution; A threat to life

This brief overview discusses multiple forms of ocean pollution, including plastic debris, and their threats to marine ecosystems. The author calls for urgent global action to prevent further degradation of ocean health.

2021 Pure and Applied Biology 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Time and tide

This commentary argues that ocean health is fundamentally linked to human health and wellbeing, emphasizing the urgent need to address marine pollution and ecosystem degradation to safeguard future generations.

2019 BMJ 29 citations
Article Tier 2

Global Changes, Anthropogenic Impacts and the Future of the Oceans

This review covers multiple human-caused threats to ocean health, including pollution by mercury, lead, and plastics, as well as ocean acidification and deoxygenation. The discussion of plastic pollution highlights how microplastics compound other ongoing threats to marine ecosystems.

2018 Revista Virtual de Química 8 citations
Article Tier 2

Ocean Sustainability

This editorial overview of ocean sustainability research highlights how interconnected threats — climate change, overfishing, chemical pollution, and microplastics, which have now reached the deepest ocean trenches — are pushing marine ecosystems toward collapse. It calls for research spanning the full range of ocean science, from ecosystem mapping to policy solutions, emphasizing that actions on land directly drive damage in the sea.

2024 Cell Reports Sustainability
Article Tier 2

Transformative Governance for Ocean Biodiversity

This review examines transformative governance approaches needed to protect ocean biodiversity, analyzing how existing international frameworks, policies, and institutions can be restructured to meet the scale of threats facing marine ecosystems. The authors assess the barriers and opportunities for achieving systemic change in ocean management toward more effective biodiversity conservation.

2022 Cambridge University Press eBooks 10 citations
Article Tier 2

Impact of microplastic pollution on the ocean and marine animals: A comprehensive review

This comprehensive review synthesized evidence on how microplastic pollution affects ocean health and marine animals, covering ingestion, entanglement, chemical toxicity, and ecosystem-level impacts. It found pervasive harm across marine food webs and called for urgent global reduction measures.

2024 Global NEST Journal 1 citations
Review Tier 2

Micro Plastics in The Marine Environment: A Review of Their Effects on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems

This review examines the effects of microplastics on marine organisms and ecosystems, summarizing evidence for MP ingestion across trophic levels, physical and chemical harm to marine life, and the pathways through which marine MP pollution threatens biodiversity and fisheries.

2025 International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science
Article Tier 2

The Ocean, Volume 2

This educational volume explores ocean science fundamentals — including the role of the ocean in climate regulation, biodiversity, and resource provision — while addressing major threats such as overfishing, pollution, and microplastics that endanger marine ecosystem health.

2023 Frontiers Media SA eBooks
Article Tier 2

Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy

This report examines ocean-based solutions that can simultaneously benefit people, nature, and the economy. The study balances hope and concern while presenting concrete examples of sustainable approaches to ocean management and conservation.

2023 70 citations
Article Tier 2

Marine Protected Areas as Tools for Ocean Sustainability

This review argues that marine protected areas (MPAs) are essential tools for addressing the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, but only if they are well-designed, effectively managed, and embedded within broader ocean governance frameworks. The authors call for expanding global MPA coverage and improving enforcement.

2023 Sustainable development goals series 15 citations
Article Tier 2

Eight urgent, fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health, and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay

This perspective article identified eight urgent simultaneous actions needed to restore ocean health—including reducing emissions, overfishing, and pollution—and argued that delay or partial action risks irreversible ratchet-like degradation of ocean systems. The authors emphasize that ocean restoration directly supports human wellbeing and that the window for effective intervention is narrowing.

2019 Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 78 citations
Article Tier 2

Understanding microplastic pollution of marine ecosystem: a review

This review summarizes the current understanding of microplastic pollution in oceans, covering where they come from, how they spread, and their harmful effects on marine life and potentially human health. Microplastics are found throughout the ocean -- from surface waters to deep sediments -- and can transfer toxic chemicals to organisms that consume them. The authors highlight that significant gaps remain in detection methods and understanding the full scope of how marine microplastics affect the food chain that leads to our plates.

2023 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 113 citations
Article Tier 2

Global trends analysis of science development in the areas of marine research

Researchers analyzed global trends in marine science publications, finding that ocean research has rapidly expanded in recent decades but significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding the interaction between human activities and ocean ecosystem functioning.

2023 Science Technologies Innovation 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world

Researchers reviewed the threats facing marine macroalgae (seaweeds) from anthropogenic stressors including climate change, ocean warming, and pollution. The study suggests that while habitat loss is less severe in oceans compared to land, climate change represents the most significant long-term threat to seaweed species, communities, and the ecosystem services they provide.

2023 Annals of Botany 36 citations
Article Tier 2

The web of life: Role of pollution in biodiversity decline

This review examines the role of various forms of pollution in driving biodiversity decline globally. The study highlights how human activities have reshaped natural habitats, and evidence indicates that biodiversity loss can affect ecosystems as significantly as climate change and other major environmental stresses.

2023 International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 24 citations
Article Tier 2

Watershed Woes: Exploring the Ties Between Land-Based Pollution and Marine Health

This review explored how land-based pollutants including agricultural runoff, plastic waste, and chemical contaminants transition into marine ecosystems and affect biodiversity. It examined how microplastics, nutrient loading, and chemical contaminants from terrestrial sources interact to damage marine food webs and ecosystem function.

2024 International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 1 citations