Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Food & Water Gut & Microbiome Human Health Effects Nanoplastics Policy & Risk Remediation Reproductive & Development Sign in to save

Development of a reliable preprocessing protocol for fluorescent micro- and nanoplastic analysis in human placental tissue

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2025 2 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 58 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Bert M. Weckhuysen, Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Laura M Zoutendijk, Laura M Zoutendijk, Hanna M. Dusza, Hanna M. Dusza, Hanna M. Dusza, Hanna M. Dusza, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Zenzi Matla, Florian Meirer, Zenzi Matla, Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Hanna M. Dusza, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Bert M. Weckhuysen, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Hanna M. Dusza, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Bert M. Weckhuysen, Florian Meirer, Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Hanna M. Dusza, Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Hanna M. Dusza, Hanna M. Dusza, Hanna M. Dusza, Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Laurens D. B. Mandemaker, Florian Meirer, Florian Meirer, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laura M Zoutendijk, Laura M Zoutendijk, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Laura M Zoutendijk, Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher Barbara M. Scholz‐Böttcher

Summary

Researchers developed and optimized a laboratory protocol for preparing human placental tissue samples so that micro- and nanoplastics can be accurately detected using microscopy. They tested various enzyme and buffer combinations and found that some methods caused fluorescent dye to leach from test particles, potentially creating false positive readings. The study provides a reliable preprocessing method that will help improve the accuracy of future research measuring plastic particles in human tissues.

Polymers

Body Systems

Hepatic Reproductive Respiratory

Models

Human

Concerns are arising about potential health risks of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) to human life, as their presence has been reported in human blood, stool, liver, lung tissue, breast milk, and placenta. However, little is known about particle numbers and morphology, which is essential information for developing reliable risk assessment. Therefore, such characterization of MNPs in human tissue is an important yet difficult task, which involves sample digestion as an essential step in the pretreatment of organic matrices. Successful digestion enables accurate characterization of MNPs using micro-spectroscopy. In this study, eight different enzymes or enzyme mixtures commonly used in digestion protocols were tested in four different buffers, to select the best combinations of enzymes and buffers for the preprocessing of human placental tissue for MNP (spectro-)microscopic analysis. Placenta tissue was spiked with fluorescent 200 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, and 10 μm polystyrene (PS) MNPs to analyze morphological stability throughout the digestion and to determine recovery rates (RRs). For the optimal protocol, RRs of 98% ±6 (200 nm), 148% ±8 (500 nm), 147% ±8 (1 μm), and 81% ±8 (10 μm) were determined using confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM). We explain values >100% by dye leaching and hypothesize that the leached dye can bind to organic residue from tissue with a similar size as the fluorescent PS particles, causing false positives when counting MNPs. Morphological changes were not observed for the final digestion protocol both with CFM and scanning electron microscopy. Hence, we demonstrate an optimized enzymatic digestion protocol to digest (placental) tissue and report on the accuracy of the characterization of model MNPs using micro-spectroscopy, which will enable further research with an emphasis on sub-micron (<1 µm) sized plastic particles.

Read via DOI PubMed Download PDF

Share this paper

Post Share Share Pin Email