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Avaliação Da Toxicidade Do Solo Com Ensaios Ecotoxicológicos Em Diferentes Áreas De Cultivo De Tomate
Summary
Researchers evaluated soil toxicity in tomato cultivation areas under conventional, ecological transition, and organic farming conditions using ecotoxicological bioassays with earthworms (Eisenia fetida), testing acute, chronic, and avoidance responses to assess differences in substrate toxicity across the three management practices.
O presente estudo buscou avaliar a toxicidade do solo em áreas de cultivo de tomate sob três condições distintas: convencional, em transição ecológica e orgânica. Para identificar possíveis diferenças nos níveis de toxicidade do substrato, foram aplicados bioensaios com minhocas da espécie Eisenia fetida. Os animais foram submetidos aos testes agudo (exposição de 14 dias), crônico (54 dias de exposição) e de fuga (exposição simultânea às amostras de solo controle e teste). Os ensaios permitiram avaliar a massa corporal, alterações morfológicas, a permanência ou deslocamento dos indivíduos frente aos diferentes tipos de solo, assim como o número de descendentes e de sobreviventes ao final do experimento. Os resultados mostraram que no solo convencional e de transição houve significativa migração de indivíduos, sugerindo que nestes ambientes os organismos sofreram impactos gerados por agroquímicos. Nas amostras de solo orgânico, porém, nenhum comportamento migratório significativo foi detectado. Constatou-se ainda que as minhocas de todos os grupos perderam peso no teste agudo. O número de descendentes foi maior no solo controle, embora sem diferença entre os outros tipos de solo. Conclui-se, portanto, que as características do solo orgânico são compatíveis com os hábitos de vida da Eisenia fetida em ambiente saudável. A avaliação da toxicidade do solo utilizando minhocas possibilita monitorar a qualidade do ambiente ao qual estão expostas, trazendo informações sobre possível contaminação do substrato de cultivo.
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