Role of earthworms as potent bioindicator of soil pollution: A Review

The use of pesticides and insecticides has increased globally since the last few decades, which directly or indirectly influence soil structure and vegetation. Heavy metals like Nickel, Cadmium, Zinc and Lead released from industries, automobiles and other sources also acts as the major contributors of soil pollution. Crops cultivated in such soil are harmful for consumption and can result in severe health issues. So, it is necessary to have knowledge about the levels of toxicity present in the soil where farming has to be done. Earthworms are directly exposed to these toxicants. They show a wide range of changes in their behavioral, physiological and biochemical parameters in response to contaminated soil. This makes them a promising bioindicator for determining soil toxicity.