CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HANDLING SIMULATION – EFFECT ON PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS

Airborne particulate matter, particularly PM10 represents a significant environmental and occupational health concern on construction sites. The research explores how different construction materials effects PM10 generation during handling activities. In the absence of field measurements, a simulation-based approach was applied using emission factors defined by authoritative sources, including the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and USEPA AP-42 methodology. Seven widely used materials were selected to represent diverse physical properties and usage profiles: Portland cement, gypsum board, sand, aerated concrete blocks, clay bricks, polystyrene insulation, and gravel. For each material, multiple simulations were performed under controlled assumptions, incorporating realistic background PM10 levels to replicate urban construction site conditions. A PM10 Emission Index was defined to normalize emission potential per unit mass of material handled. Results indicate that fine, low-density materials such as Portland cement and gypsum board exhibit the highest emission intensities, while coarse, dense materials such as gravel and clay bricks contribute significantly less to airborne particulate concentrations. The findings highlight the substantial variability in emission potential across materials and emphasize the importance of material selection in sustainable construction planning. These insights can guide policymakers and construction professionals in adopting low-emission materials and better on-site dust control strategies.