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Estimating the emission of microplastics from urban surfaces into the atmosphere using the PI-SWERL
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Researchers measured microplastic concentrations on urban surfaces in Coimbra, Portugal and used a portable wind erosion device to simulate airborne emission under two wind speeds. Microplastic concentrations in soils ranged widely across land uses, with emission fluxes higher than previously reported—light winds were sufficient to erode lightweight particles smaller than 200 micrometers.
Microplastics (MPs) are a global concern, with the atmosphere being a key pathway for their transport. Understanding their sources is crucial for controlling MP dispersion. This study examines MPs on urban surfaces and their transport through wind erosion using a Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) under two wind shear conditions. Material was collected in Coimbra, Portugal, from fourteen locations associated with different land uses. MPs number and types were determined with a stereomicroscope and micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (μ-FTIR), respectively. MP concentrations in soils ranged from 16 ± 4 particles•g to 327 ± 494 particles•g. Emission fluxes ranged from 5 ± 1 particles•m•s to 28 ± 4 particles•m•s, higher than previous reports. At 4000 revolutions per minute (RPM), enrichment ratio was 3 ± 17 MPs, and at 6000 RPM, 2 ± 6 MPs. A light wind can erode a significant amount of MPs. Light density MPs smaller than 200 μm eroded more easily. Emissions were highest on asphalt (22 ± 9.5 particles•m•s) and lowest on grass (8 ± 8.25 particles•m•s). Grass may help control MP dispersion. These findings can inform MP transport models and policies to mitigate contamination.
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