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Desidratação lenta, em pequena escala, de banana: características físico- químicas e sensoriais
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Researchers evaluated a small-scale, slow dehydration process for bananas, measuring the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the resulting dried product as a low-cost method to extend shelf life and reduce post-harvest losses, particularly for small-scale producers.
A banana, um fruto altamente perecível e sujeita a perdas pós-colheita expressivas, pode ter sua vida útil prolongada por meio da desidratação, reduzindo desperdícios e agregando valor, especialmente para pequenos produtores. No entanto, equipamentos de alto custo, alto consumo de energia e de manutenção pouco acessível limitam a expansão desse produto, além de reações de degradação que podem comprometer a qualidade sensorial e nutricional do alimento. Os objetivos deste estudo foram divididos em duas etapas: a primeira envolveu o desenvolvimento e caracterização de um desidratador elétrico adaptado de baixo custo, comparando seu desempenho e a qualidade físico-química das bananas desidratadas obtidas com as de um desidratador convencional. A segunda etapa avaliou a vida de prateleira das bananas desidratadas armazenadas em três tipos de embalagens: bandeja de isopor com filme PVC (controle), saco plástico à vácuo e saco bioplástico compostável, por meio de análises físico-químicas (umidade e luminosidade) e testes sensoriais de aceitação, intenção de compra e perfil descritivo otimizado (PDO). Os resultados mostraram que o desidratador adaptado é uma alternativa eficaz, de baixo custo e de fácil operação e manutenção. Ele promoveu uma secagem lenta e satisfatória das bananas, preservando propriedades sensoriais e nutricionais. Aos 28 dias de armazenamento, a embalagem a vácuo ocasionou alterações no teor de umidade das bananas desidratadas, e também apresentou menor tamanho de efeito nas médias dos atributos sensoriais avaliados. Porém, em geral, todas as embalagens apresentaram-se como alternativas viáveis para conservação das bananas desidratadas pelo período de 42 dias. Conclui-se que o desidratador adaptado constitui uma alternativa prática e acessível, uma vez que possibilita a desidratação como uma estratégia eficiente para conservação e valorização da banana. Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar; desidratador adaptado; banana desidratada; pós-colheita de banana; banana passa
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