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Исследование и идентификация микропластиков в меде
Summary
Scientists found tiny plastic particles in all 10 honey samples they tested from different brands, including both plastic and glass containers. These microplastics likely came from bees picking up plastic pollution while collecting nectar, showing how widespread plastic contamination has become in our environment. This matters because it means people are eating these tiny plastic pieces when they consume honey, though we still don't fully understand the health effects of ingesting microplastics.
Сегодня широкое использование пластмасс в различных технологиях и отраслях промышленности наряду с недостаточной утилизацией отходов является одной из основных причин распространения микропластика в окружающей среде. В результате эти частицы стали новой экологической проблемой. Микропластики были признаны новыми загрязняющими веществами, сопоставимыми с парниковыми газами по их распространенности и воздействию на деградацию окружающей среды. Большинство исследований, посвященных этому загрязнителю, проводилось в водной среде, исследования, касающиеся влияния микропластика на насекомых, особенно медоносных пчел, остаются ограниченными. Благодаря своей высокой адгезионной способности мед легко впитывает волокна, пыль и другие загрязнители окружающей среды. Поэтому его можно рассматривать как эффективный индикатор уровня загрязнения в регионе. Медоносные пчелы могут загрязняться микропластиками различными способами, что приводит к распространению этих частиц в окружающей среде и в материалах улья, таких как воск и мед. Этот процесс загрязнения усугубляется факторами окружающей среды и поведением пчел в поисках пищи. Было исследовано 10 образцов меда различных брендов, из которых 8 образцов были упакованы в пластиковую тару и 2 образца в стеклянную. Все образцы меда в этом исследовании были загрязнены микропластиками. Большинство выделенных частиц состояло из волокон (62%) и фрагментов (38%). Размеры волокон, обнаруженных в образцах меда, варьировались от 190 до 3525 мкм, в то время как размеры фрагментов находились в диапазоне от 68 до 779 мкм. Всего было выделено и идентифицировано 188 частиц размером менее 5 мм. В образцах меда были идентифицированы следующие МП: полиэстер (PL), полиэтилен (PE), поливинилхлорид (PVC), полиуретан (PU), эпоксидная смола (EP), поливинилацетат (PVA), полиакрилонитрил (PAN), полиоксиметилен (POM), полипропилен (PP), полистирол (PS), полиэтилентерфталат (PET), полисульфон (PSU), политетрафторэтилен (PTFE) и полиамид (PA). Today the widespread use of plastics in various technologies and industries, along with inadequate waste management, is one of the main reasons for the spread of microplastics in the environment. As a result, these particles have become an emerging environmental problem. Microplastics have been recognized as emerging pollutants comparable to greenhouse gases in their prevalence and impact on environmental degradation. Most studies on this pollutant have been conducted in aquatic environments, and research on the effects of microplastics on insects, especially honey bees, remains limited. Due to its high adhesive capacity, honey easily absorbs fibers, dust and other environmental pollutants. Therefore, it can be considered as an effective indicator of the pollution level in a region. Honey bees can become contaminated with microplastics in various ways, resulting in the spread of these particles in the environment and in hive materials such as wax and honey. This contamination process is aggravated by environmental factors and the foraging behavior of bees. Ten honey samples of different brands were examined, of which eight samples were packaged in plastic containers and two samples in glass. All honey samples in this study were contaminated with microplastics. The majority of the isolated particles consisted of fibers (62%) and fragments (38%). The sizes of fibers detected in the honey samples ranged from 190 to 3525 μm, while the fragment sizes ranged from 68 to 779 μm. A total of 188 particles smaller than 5 mm were isolated and identified. The following MPs were identified in the honey samples: polyester (PL), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (EP), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyoxymethylene (POM), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polysulfone (PSU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyamide (PA).
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