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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Human Health Effects
Nanoplastics
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Individual and mixture exposures of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics to freshwater microbial communities
Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
2018
Rebecca Adams,
Iseult Lynch,
Jonathan P. Sadler
Summary
Researchers exposed the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis to fluorescently labeled microplastics, measuring ingestion rates, particle retention times, and egestion in fecal pellets. The filter feeder readily ingested particles across a range of sizes, but most were egested rapidly in fecal strings rather than being retained in tissues.