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Microplastics abundance in major tributaries and distributaries of the river Ganga at lower estuarine stretch

Marine Pollution Bulletin 2025
Basanta Kumar Das, Basanta Kumar Das, Rinku Besra, Sagarika Das, Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar, Debasmita Mohanty, Shreya Roy, Barsha Baisakhi, Mala Kumari

Summary

Researchers investigated microplastic prevalence and characteristics in eight major tributaries and distributaries of the Ganga River at its lower estuarine stretch, India, analysing water and sediment samples by polymer type, shape, and color. Highly urbanised and industrialised waterways including Adi Ganga and Jalangi showed the highest contamination (up to 97.66 items/L in water), with PET dominant in water and polystyrene in sediment, and annual MP flux from the Damodar River estimated at significant quantities.

Study Type Environmental

Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a growing concern in the river Ganga, yet few studies have explored their abundance in its tributaries and distributaries. The current study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of MPs in eight major tributaries and distributaries (Jalangi, Haldi, Matla, Ichamati, Adi Ganga, Rupnarayan, Churni, and Damodar) of the river Ganga at the lower estuarine stretch. Adi Ganga, Jalangi, Churni, and Rupnarayan rivers showed high MPs contamination in water (97.66, 35.8, 44.9, 35.4 items L, respectively) and in sediment (369.2, 166.8, 166.2, 105.7 items kg, respectively), correlating with industrial and urban waste discharge. Transparent fragments with polyethylene terephthalate (35 %) in water and polystyrene (38 %) in sediment were found as the most abundant MPs. Furthermore, the study estimates the annual MPs release in the river Ganga from the river Damodar, Churni, and Jalangi as 8.79 × 10 items/year, 8.50 × 10 items/year, and 6.77 × 10 items/year, respectively. This pioneering study underscores the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies to address MPs pollution in the Hooghly Basin, particularly in highly contaminated areas.

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