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Microplastic ingestion cause intestinal lesions in the intertidal fish Girella laevifrons
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Researchers fed juvenile intertidal fish diets containing different concentrations of polystyrene microplastics for 45 days and examined intestinal tissue damage. The study found that microplastic ingestion caused dose-dependent intestinal lesions, including increased immune cell infiltration, tissue swelling, and loss of both crypt and villi cells. The severity of tissue damage increased with higher microplastic concentrations, suggesting physical abrasion as a key mechanism of intestinal injury.
We exposed juvenile intertidal fish to different amounts of Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microplastics in their diet. We fed ten individuals with pellets containing 0.01 g, another ten fish with pellets containing 0.1 g of PS, and ten fish without plastic as control. After 45 days of treatment, the whole intestine was removed, and the histological evaluation started immediately. We evaluated inflammation due to leukocyte infiltration (Lk), circulatory disorders like Hypermeia (Hyp), and regressive changes in the intestinal tissue, assessing Crypt cell loss (Ccl) and Villi cell loss (Vcl). The severity of the lesions increased according to the microplastic concentration. In the fish group feeding on microplastics, we found that leukocyte infiltration and hyperemia were more severe in the higher exposure group compared to the lower exposure; and crypt cell loss and villi cell loss increased significantly due to Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) microplastic physical abrasion.
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Researchers exposed rare minnow fish to polystyrene microplastics for up to 28 days and found progressive intestinal dysfunction including structural damage, increased oxidative stress enzyme activity, and disruption of gut microbiota. The study suggests that long-term microplastic exposure can cause cumulative intestinal damage, with inflammation and barrier function impairment worsening over extended exposure periods.
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Researchers fed gilthead seabream polystyrene microplastics for 21 days and found they triggered inflammation and immune disruption in both sections of the intestine, with the rear portion more severely affected. The microplastics activated inflammatory signaling pathways and weakened the gut barrier by reducing tight junction proteins. The findings suggest microplastic ingestion could compromise gut health and immune function in fish.
Intestinal alterations in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to microplastics: Preliminary results
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Researchers fed European sea bass diets containing virgin and pollutant-contaminated PVC microplastic pellets for 90 days and examined the effects on their intestines. They found moderate tissue damage and increased mucus cell activity in fish exposed to both types of microplastics, with pollutant-laden particles causing the most pronounced changes. The study provides early evidence that chronic microplastic ingestion can alter gut health in commercially important fish species.
Microplastics induce intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and disorders of metabolome and microbiome in zebrafish
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics for 21 days and found significant intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of both the gut microbiome and metabolic processes. The microplastics altered the balance of beneficial and harmful gut bacteria and changed the levels of key metabolites involved in energy and amino acid metabolism. The study provides detailed evidence that microplastic ingestion can cause widespread disruption to gut health in aquatic organisms.
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