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Plásticos biodegradables, una alternativa a los empaques alimentarios actuales
Summary
This Spanish-language review examines biodegradable polymers as alternatives to conventional plastic food packaging, covering materials like starch, cellulose, gelatin, chitosan, polylactic acid (PLA), and polyvinyl alcohol. It describes the mechanical and functional properties of packaging films made from each material and discusses their suitability for different food applications. The paper is directly relevant to reducing plastic packaging waste and the downstream microplastic pollution it generates.
El uso de polímeros biodegradables para el desarrollo de empaques y productos para la industria alimentaria ha ido extendiéndose en las últimas décadas. Estos polímeros son una opción amigable con el ambiente, ya que pueden ser consumidos por microorganismos sin generar desechos contaminantes. Entre los principales polímeros biodegradables empleados para materiales de empaque se pueden encontrar los naturales como el almidón, celulosa, gelatina y quitosano, así como polímeros sintéticos, pero completamente biodegradables y aptos para estar en contacto con alimentos como el ácido poli láctico y el alcohol poli vinílico. Cada uno de estos polímeros tiene propiedades particulares y los materiales que generan presentan diferente desempeño mecánico y funcional, que los hace aptos para diversos usos. En este artículo se presenta información sobre diferentes polímeros biodegradables, sus usos en el área alimentaria, las características y propiedades funcionales de las películas de empaque que se obtienen con ellos, así como ejemplos de la apariencia de cada material.
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