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Fragmentation of nanoplastics driven by plant–microbe rhizosphere interaction during abiotic stress combination
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In rhizosphere experiments, plant-microbe interactions under combined cadmium and nanoplastic stress generated fragmented nanoplastics that were taken up by plant roots, demonstrating that biotic soil processes can alter nanoplastic size and enhance plant exposure.
Plants can take up the fragmented nanoplastics generated by plant–microbe rhizosphere interactions upon combined exposure to cadmium and nanoplastics.
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This review evaluates whether nanoplastics — the smallest plastic fragments, formed as larger plastics break down — are toxic to plants and the microorganisms living around their roots (rhizobiota). The evidence suggests nanoplastics can directly impair plant growth and indirectly harm soil biology by altering soil chemistry and releasing associated contaminants. Because soil is becoming a major reservoir for plastic pollution, understanding these effects is critical for global food security and soil ecosystem health.
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This review examines how the growing presence of micro- and nanoplastics in contaminated soils affects plant-assisted bioremediation, finding that microplastics disrupt the plant-microbe rhizosphere interactions that make phytoremediation effective for removing heavy metals and degrading organic pollutants.
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This review summarizes how nanoplastics, the tiniest plastic particles, affect plants, soil microorganisms, and the root zone where they interact. Nanoplastics can disrupt photosynthesis, alter gene activity, and reduce microbial diversity, and their harmful effects get worse when they combine with heavy metals or other pollutants. Since plant roots are a key pathway for nanoplastics to enter the food chain, these effects could ultimately impact the safety and nutritional quality of the food we eat.
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Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics altered soil dissolved organic matter, disrupted rhizosphere microbial communities, and affected plant photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage, with effects varying by plastic particle size and soil amendment type. These findings reveal that microplastic contamination can cascade through soil microbiomes to impair crop growth, raising concerns for agricultural productivity and food system safety.
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