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Review of international standards for the production of Oxo-Biodegradable plastics
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This thesis reviewed ASTM international standards for oxo-biodegradable plastics, examining whether these materials meet biodegradation claims and whether standards adequately address microplastic formation. The analysis found that current standards do not confirm that oxo-biodegradable plastics fully break down without leaving harmful microplastic residues.
The present degree work was developed with the main objective of examining the ASTM international standards that justify the biodegradation of oxo-biodegradable plastics, in this way to theoretically review if the Oxo-Biodegradable LDPE low-density polyethylene plastic bags comply with the results provided. by its manufacturers, who specify that it does not generate microplastic once discarded, thus reducing its accumulation in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Revisión de estándares internacionales para la producción de plásticos Oxo-Biodegradables
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This Spanish undergraduate thesis reviewed ASTM international standards for oxo-biodegradable plastic bags, evaluating whether these materials truly degrade without forming microplastics as their manufacturers claim. The review found that existing standards are insufficient to guarantee that oxo-biodegradable plastics do not produce persistent microplastic fragments.
A scoping and critical review of properties, standards, and regulations of oxo-biodegradable plastics
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This review critically examines the properties, technical standards, and regulations of oxo-biodegradable plastics, which use pro-oxidant additives to promote abiotic fragmentation followed by biological degradation, discussing the development of new metrological tests needed to substantiate biodegradability claims.
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Researchers critically analyzed oxo-biodegradable polymers marketed as sustainable alternatives to high-density polyethylene, finding that their accelerated fragmentation under light, heat, and oxygen does not result in complete biodegradation but instead generates persistent microplastic particles that contaminate the environment.
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This review clarifies definitions and misconceptions around biodegradable plastics, noting that "biodegradable" labeling is often misunderstood by consumers to mean degradation under any conditions. It surveys analytical standards, existing biodegradable polymer types, and how biomass-derived monomers with oxygen-containing functional groups may enable a new generation of high-performance, environmentally beneficial plastics.
Are biodegradable plastics an environmental rip off?
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Researchers critically analyzed current technical standards used to certify plastic biodegradability and found that test conditions fail to reflect real-world aquatic and deep-sea environments where most plastic ends up, arguing that existing certifications may be misleading and that standards must be urgently revised to include deep-sea conditions, microplastic formation, and ecotoxicological endpoints.
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