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Kelimpahan Mikroplastik di Perairan Zona Pemukiman, Zona Pariwisata dan Zona Perlindungan Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara
Summary
This Indonesian study measured microplastic abundance in surface waters across different management zones of Karimunjawa National Park, finding microplastics even in protected and restricted areas. The results highlight that even nationally protected marine areas are not immune to microplastic pollution.
Kepulauan Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu Kawasan Taman Nasional yang terdapat di Indonesia yang terdiri dari beberapa zonasi yang disesuaikan dengan fungsi dan peruntukkannya yaitu Zona Inti, Zona Perlindungan, Zona Pemanfaatan Bahari, Zona Rehabilitasi, Zona Pemanfaatan Perikanan Nasional, dan Zona Pemukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan mikroplastik di perairan Pulau Cemara Kecil, Pulau Menjangan Kecil, dan Pelabuhan Syahbandar Karimunjawa. Sampel diambil dengan cara menyaring permukaan air laut dengan plankton net sepanjang 100 meter menggunakan perahu. Sampel air laut sebanyak 250mL ditambahkan larutan H2O2 30% 250 mL dan disaring dengan kertas Whatman No. 42. Mikroplastik yang diperoleh dianalisis bentuk, warna, dan jumlah kelimpahannya menggunakan mikroskop elektron dengan perbesaran 100 kali. Jenis mikroplastik ditentukan dengan Uji FT-IR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Pelabuhan Syahbandar memiliki kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi yaitu 19,98 partikel/m3, diikuti perairan Pulau Menjangan Kecil yaitu sebesar 17,21 partikel/m3 dan paling kecil di perairan Pulau Cemara Kecil yaitu 14,8 partikel/m3. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan adalah fragment, fiber, film, dan pellets. Jenis mikroplastik diduga adalah High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Nitrile, Nylon, dan Cellulose acetate (CA) atau Rayon. Karimunjawa Islands is one of the National Park Areas in Indonesia which consists of several zones that are adapted to their functions and purposes, namely the Core Zone, Protection Zone, Maritime Use Zone, Rehabilitation Zone, National Fisheries Utilization Zone, and Resettlement Zone. This study aims to determine the abundance of microplastics in Cemara Kecil Island, Menjangan Kecil Island, and Syahbandar Harbor. Samples were taken by filtering the surface of seawater with a 100-meter long plankton net using a boat. 250 mL of seawater samples added H2O2 30% 250 mL and distributed with Whatman No. paper. 42. Microplastic shapes, colors, and abundance are obtained using an electron microscope with a magnification of 100 times. The microplastic type was determined by FT-IR Test. The results showed the fact that the Port of Syahbandar had the highest microplastic abundance of 19.98 particles / m3, followed by Menjangan Kecil Island at 17.21 particles / m3 and the smallest at Cemara Kecil Island was 14.8 particles / m3. The microplastic forms found are fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. Microplastic types are High-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Nitrile, Nylon, and Cellulose acetate (CA) or Rayon.
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