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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
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Evaluating the fate of hexabromocyclododecanes in the coastal environment: Fugacity analysis using field data
Environmental Pollution2021
10 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 35
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Yoonsub Kim,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Hwang Lee,
Hwang Lee,
Hwang Lee,
Hwang Lee,
Sang Hee Hong,
Yoonsub Kim,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Yoonsub Kim,
Hwang Lee,
Hwang Lee,
Yoonsub Kim,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Hwang Lee,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Sang Hee Hong,
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Mi Jang,
Mi Jang,
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Jung‐Hwan Kwon
Summary
This study used chemical modeling to track the environmental fate of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a flame retardant added to polystyrene plastic, in coastal waters and sediments. The analysis showed that microplastics carrying HBCD pose a persistent contamination risk in marine environments long after plastic arrives.
Abundant use of plastic materials has increased the amount of microplastics (MPs) and related hazardous chemicals in the marine environment. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), brominated flame retardants added to expanded polystyrene (EPS), have been detected in biotic and abiotic samples. In this study, the partition constants of HBCDs between plastics and seawater (K) were determined. Fugacities of HBCDs in EPS, seawater, sediment, and mussels were obtained to determine the directions of the diffusive flux. The fugacities in EPS (f) were greater than those in seawater (f), sediment (f), and mussels (f and f) by three orders of magnitude, indicating that EPS plastics are a significant source of HBCDs. The f of α-HBCD in rock mussels was greater than f by factors of 1.7, whereas the f of γ-HBCD was smaller than f by factors of 16, indicating the bioisomerization from γ-to α-HBCD. The relatively constant concentration ratio of β-HBCD to the total HBCDs indicated that β-HBCD is a sufficient tracer for determining the diffusive flux. The f values of HBCDs were greater than f by factors of 17-28, implying a probable advective vertical flow of HBCDs from the EPS plastics, which requires further investigation.