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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Human Health Effects
Marine & Wildlife
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Expanded polystyrene buoys as an important source of hexabromocyclododecanes for aquatic ecosystem: Evidence from field exposure with different substrates
Environmental Pollution2022
9 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 45
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Yun-Feng Pan,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Shan Liu,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Rui Hou,
Rui Hou,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Yuanyue Cheng,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Yuanyue Cheng,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Hengxiang Li,
Shan Liu,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Rui Hou,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Shan Liu,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Yun-Feng Pan,
Rui Hou,
Yun-Feng Pan,
Rui Hou,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Rui Hou,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Rui Hou,
Shan Liu,
Rui Hou,
Shan Liu,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Rui Hou,
Rui Hou,
Rui Hou,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Shan Liu,
Yuanyue Cheng,
Lang Lin,
Yuanyue Cheng,
Hengxiang Li,
Lang Lin,
Lang Lin,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Rui Hou,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Rui Hou,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Rui Hou,
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Lang Lin,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Hengxiang Li,
Xiang‐Rong Xu
Summary
Field exposure experiments showed that expanded polystyrene (EPS) buoys are a significant source of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardants in aquatic ecosystems, with organisms living on EPS substrates accumulating far higher HBCD concentrations than those on other substrates. Both aqueous and dietary exposure routes were identified, while direct microplastic ingestion contributed minimally to HBCD uptake.
The production and use of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) have been strictly limited due to their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation. However, the release of HBCDs from related products and wastes would continue for a long time, which may cause many environmental problems. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of HBCDs and microplastics (MPs) in aquatic organisms inhabiting different substrates. HBCDs were measurable in the seawater, sediment, expanded polystyrene (EPS) substrates and organism samples. Mostly, the concentrations of HBCDs in organisms inhabiting EPS buoys were significantly higher than those of the same species inhabiting other substrates. Meanwhile, the diastereomeric ratio (α/γ) of HBCDs in organisms inhabiting EPS buoys was closer to that in EPS buoys. The fugacity values of HBCDs in EPS buoys were much higher than those in other media, implying that HBCDs can be transferred from EPS buoys to other media. Additionally, MPs derived from EPS buoys would be mistaken as food and ingested by aquatic organisms. The transfer of HBCDs from EPS buoys to aquatic organisms can be achieved by aqueous and dietary exposures. In combination, the contribution of MP ingestion to HBCDs for aquatic organisms should be very limited. These results supported EPS buoys as an important source of HBCDs for the aquatic ecosystem. To effectively control HBCDs pollution, it is necessary to discontinue or reduce the use of EPS buoys.