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Biodegradation of Plastic Polymers by Pseudomonas
Original title: Biodegradación de polímeros de plástico por Pseudomonas
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This Spanish-language literature review examines the mechanisms, methods, and techniques by which Pseudomonas bacteria degrade plastics. The review identifies specific enzyme pathways and bacterial strains with potential for bioremediation of plastic pollution in water and soil.
La generación de toneladas de plásticos es uno de los problemas ambientales más severos a nivel internacional porque no se deterioran con facilidad, ni se descomponen u oxidan naturalmente con el transcurrir del tiempo por alta resistencia mecánica y por su composición química de cadenas de monómeros de carbono con presencia de aditivos que permiten tener la rigidez. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la revisión bibligráfica sobre los mecanismos, métodos y técnicas en la biodegradación de plásticos por Pseudomonas. La investigación demuestra que las Pseudomonas tienen la capacidad de asimilar los plásticos, convirtiéndolos de polímeros a monómeros y finalmente mineralizarlos en dióxido de carbono o en gas metano. Esta capacidad de asimilación de estos microorganismos se debe a la generación de enzimas que inician la ruptura de polímeros, sin embargo, estos microorganismos no solo poseen la capacidad de asimilación de los polímeros si no que se adaptan a diferentes medios y/o condiciones bióticas y abióticas con mayor facilidad que otras bacterias. Por tanto, las revisiones de literatura demuestran que las Pseudomonas son un medio ecológico de retirar del medio ambiente polímeros como: polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE) y de baja densidad (LDPE), polietileno tereftalato (PET), polietileno (PE), polipropileno (PP), poliuretano (PU), polisulfuro de fenileno (PPS), entre otros polímeros. Palabras claves: plásticos; Pseudomonas; biodegradación de polímeros.
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