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Measurement of Low Concentration of Micro-Plastics by Detection of Bioaffinity-Induced Particle Retention Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors
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Researchers used surface plasmon resonance biosensors coated with biological recognition molecules to detect microplastics at low concentrations in water, demonstrating a sensitive and label-free detection approach that could be adapted for real-time environmental monitoring.
The issue of micro-plastics is becoming more and more important due to their ubiquity and the harm they cause to the human body. Therefore, evaluating the biological-physical interaction of micro-plastics with health cells has become the focus of many research efforts. This study focuses on the movement mode and low concentration detection development for micro-plastics in surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Firstly, 20-micrometer micro-plastics were prepared by grinding and filtering, and the movement mode was explored; then, the characteristics were investigated by SPR. Chromatographic analysis showed that the surface charge of micro-plastics dominated the elution time, and estrogen receptors (ERs) played a supporting role. A difference of micro-plastics in SPR sensorgram was observed, inferring the micro-plastics' movement in rolling mode on the ERs. Characteristics analysis indicated that the low particle number of micro-plastics on SPR showed a linear relationship with the response unit (RU). When ERs were immobilized on the biosensor, the force of the binding of micro-plastics to ERs under an ultra-low background was equivalent to the dissociation rate constant shown as follows: PS (0.05 nM) > PVC (0.09 nM) > PE (0.14 nM). The ELISA-like magnetic beads experiment verified the specificity between ERs and micro-plastics. Therefore, by using the SPR technique, a biological-derived over-occupation of PS was found via higher binding force with ERs and longer retention time. In the future, there will be considerable potential for micro-plastics issues, such as identification in natural samples, biomarking, real-time detection in specific environments/regions and human health subject.
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A gold nanoparticle-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) system was developed to detect microplastics in water samples using a simple sampling and measurement format. The detection mechanism relies on specific binding of microplastic particles to the nanoparticle surface, causing a measurable shift in the LSPR signal.
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Researchers developed a surface plasmon resonance sensor using a novel prism design capable of detecting a broad range of polymer types in environmental samples, overcoming limitations of traditional spectroscopic methods that are time-consuming and restricted in polymer coverage. The sensor offers a faster, more versatile approach to microplastic detection across diverse sample matrices.
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This review examines emerging biosensor technologies for detecting and quantifying microplastics in food and environmental samples, comparing electrochemical, optical, and biological sensing approaches as faster and cheaper alternatives to conventional spectroscopy. Improved detection methods are critical for understanding true human exposure levels and setting meaningful safety thresholds for microplastics in drinking water and food.
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