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Micro plastics in soil ecosystem - A review of sources, fate, and ecological impact
Summary
This review covers sources, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil ecosystems, finding that global plastic production has increased from 1.7 million tonnes in 1950 to over 320 million tonnes annually, with microplastics now detected in soils across all land use types.
Plastic is a polymer composed of a variety of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compound materials, primarily polyethene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethene terephthalate (PET), and polyamide (PA). Plastic materials have been widely used in many fields, including industry, agriculture, medicine, and many others, due to their low cost, good ductility, and durability. Plastic production and consumption increased globally from 1.7 10 6 t in 1950 to 3.22 10 8 t in 2015, for a total output of 7.8 10 9 t (Duis and Coors 2016). According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection in China, the total amount of waste plastics in 2011 was approximately 2 10 8 tons, Micro plastics in soil ecosystem -A review of sources, fate, and ecological impact