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Microplastic pollution in the coastal water of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
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This study investigated microplastic pollution in Jakarta Bay coastal waters during the COVID-19 pandemic period, when single-use plastic use increased. Microplastics were detected at all three sampling sites, with fibers and fragments dominant, highlighting the bay as a significant sink for plastics from 13 inflowing rivers.
The increased usage of plastic for personal protective equipment (PPE), single-use plastic grocery bags, and food packaging during the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns on microplastic pollution. This study aimed to investigate the shape, abundance, and type of microplastics in the seawater of Jakarta Bay where is most likely to be polluted by anthropogenic activities as well as being the endpoint of 13 river systems. The seawater from Tanjung Priok, Ancol Beach, and Sunda Kelapa Port, were collected and extracted using the density separation method. The microplastics were counted and categorized under a microscope and polymer of microplastics were identified using FTIR. The differences in microplastic abundance in three different stations were determined using one-way ANOVA. The results show that the Sunda Kelapa Port (2577.78 214.30 particle/m3) had the highest abundance of microplastic, which was significantly different (p<0.05) from Tanjung Priok (2022.22 203.67 particle/m3) and Ancol Beach (1822.22 101.83 particle/m3). The microplastic shapes in the Sunda Kelapa Port were dominated by fragments (36.2%), meanwhile, Tanjung Priok and Ancol Beach were dominated by fibers, comprising 37.34% and 35.44%, respectively. The results of the FTIR spectroscopy show that the most common types of microplastic polymers are Polypropylene, Polyethylene, Polystyrene, and Polyamide.
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Microplastic pollution in the sediment of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
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This study measured microplastic contamination in sediment from three sites around Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, finding the highest concentrations near the Sunda Kelapa Port at over 45,000 particles per kilogram of sediment. Increased plastic use during the COVID-19 pandemic — for personal protective equipment, food packaging, and single-use bags — likely worsened microplastic accumulation in this already heavily polluted urban bay.
Seasonal heterogeneity and a link to precipitation in the release of microplastic during COVID-19 outbreak from the Greater Jakarta area to Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
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Researchers found microplastics in all nine river outlets flowing into Jakarta Bay, with concentrations linked to rainfall intensity and higher near the eastern bay where human activity is greater, highlighting storm runoff as a key pathway for land-based plastic pollution reaching the ocean.
Microplastic abundance and distribution in surface water and sediment collected from the coastal area
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Researchers found microplastics in both surface water and sediments across 12 coastal sampling sites in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, documenting their abundance, distribution patterns, and morphological characteristics in a heavily urbanized tropical coastal environment.
The contribution of estuaries to the abundance of microplastics in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
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Researchers found that rivers draining into Jakarta Bay are a major source of microplastics, with polyethylene fragments in the 300-500 micrometer size range dominating, and that spatial variation in abundance across nine estuaries reflects differences in local land use and waste management.
Characterization of Microplastics in Jakarta’s Urban Downstream and Estuary Water Bodies
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Researchers characterized microplastic contamination in urban water bodies of Jakarta -- specifically Sunter River, Buaran River, and Marunda Estuary -- which serve as conduits for plastic waste to the ocean. Microplastics were abundant in all sampled water bodies, with fiber and fragment morphotypes dominant, reflecting the high density of urban plastic sources in the surrounding catchments.
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