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Insights on the Dynamics and Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Environmental Matrices
Summary
This review examined the toxic effects of nanoparticles on soil, water, and living organisms including vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The study highlights that as nanoparticle manufacturing increases due to their wide applications, contamination of environmental systems becomes increasingly concerning and warrants greater attention to nanoecotoxicology.
The manufacturing rate of nanoparticles (10-100 nm) is steadily increasing due to their extensive applications in the fabrication of nanoproducts related to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medical devices, paints and pigments, energy storage etc. An increase in research related to nanotechnology is also a cause for the production and disposal of nanomaterials at the lab scale. As a result, contamination of environmental matrices with nanoparticles becomes inevitable, and the understanding of the risk of nanoecotoxicology is getting larger attention. In this context, focusing on the environmental hazards is essential. Hence, this manuscript aims to review the toxic effects of nanoparticles on soil, water, aquatic, and terrestrial organisms. The effects of toxicity on vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants and the source of exposure, environmental and biological dynamics, and the adverse effects of some nanoparticles are discussed.
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