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Environmental Impact of Nanoparticles’ Application as an Emerging Technology: A Review
Summary
This review examines the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles across their life cycle, from production to environmental release and effects on living organisms. The study highlights that while nanoparticles offer valuable industrial applications due to their unique properties, evidence indicates potential ecotoxicity across organisms from bacteria to complex animals, underscoring the need for more detailed safety regulations.
The unique properties that nanoparticles exhibit, due to their small size, are the principal reason for their numerous applications, but at the same time, this might be a massive menace to the environment. The number of studies that assess the possible ecotoxicity of nanomaterials has been increasing over the last decade to determine if, despite the positive aspects, they should be considered a potential health risk. To evaluate their potential toxicity, models are used in all types of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to complex animal species. In order to better understand the environmental consequences of nanotechnology, this literature review aims to describe and classify nanoparticles, evaluating their life cycle, their environmental releasing capacity and the type of impact, particularly on living beings, highlighting the need to develop more severe and detailed legislation. Due to their diversity, nanoparticles will be discussed in generic terms focusing on the impact of a great variety of them, highlighting the most interesting ones for the industry.
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