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Empirical antibiotics of non-carbapenems for ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia in children : a retrospective medical record review

Research Square (Research Square) 2022 Score: 35 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Saera Park, Hyejin So, Mi‐Na Kim, Jina Lee

Summary

Researchers retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes for 53 pediatric patients with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia treated with carbapenem or non-carbapenem empirical antibiotics between 2014 and 2019. They found a 30-day all-cause mortality rate of 17%, with 84.6% of non-carbapenem-treated patients switched to carbapenem therapy by day 2, suggesting non-carbapenem empirical therapy was frequently inadequate for this population.

Models

Abstract Background : The efficacy of non-carbapenems as an empirical antibiotic for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in children remains controversial. We compared clinical and microbial outcomes according to the types of empirical antibiotics for treating pediatric patients with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Methods : Data from pediatric patients aged ≤18 years who were hospitalized with monomicrobial ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia between January 2014 and May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The impact of empirical therapy was assessed as 30-day all-cause mortality and 2-day microbiological outcomes evaluated by sterility of blood cultures collected on day 2 after empirical antibiotic administration. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for the effects of confounding variables. Results : A total of 53 patients with bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing E. coli (n=29) and K. pneumoniae (n=24) were included in this study; the median age was 3.6 years, and all had underlying comorbidities. As empirical antibiotics, 27 patients were treated with meropenem, and non-carbapenem agents were administered to 26 patients; 84.6% (22/26) were converted to carbapenem antibiotics as the definitive antibiotic by day 2 after empirical antibiotic administration. Overall, the 30-day all-cause mortality of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia was 17.0% (9/53). After adjustment, there was no statistically significant association of use of a non-carbapenem agent as an empirical antibiotic with microbiological failure at day 2 and 30-day all-cause mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–4.88, and adjusted OR, 0.1; 95% Cl, 0.01–1.56]. Conclusions : The empirical use of non-carbapenems might not be a risk factor for mortality and early microbiological outcomes in pediatric patients with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae BSI if early transition to appropriate antimicrobial therapy was possible.

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