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In Vitro High-Throughput Toxicological Assessment of Nanoplastics
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Researchers developed a high-throughput in vitro method to assess nanoplastic toxicity, finding that laser-ablated polycarbonate and PET nanoparticles showed greater cellular uptake and toxicity than nanoprecipitated PET, highlighting how production method affects nanoplastic hazard.
Sub-micrometer particles derived from the fragmentation of plastics in the environment can enter the food chain and reach humans, posing significant health risks. To date, there is a lack of adequate toxicological assessment of the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) in mammalian systems, particularly in humans. In this work, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of three different NPs in vitro: two NPs obtained by laser ablation (polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET1)) and one (PET2) produced by nanoprecipitation. The physicochemical characterization of the NPs showed a smaller size, a larger size distribution, and a higher degree of surface oxidation for the particles produced by laser ablation. Toxicological evaluation performed on human cell line models (HePG2 and Caco-2) showed a higher toxic effect for the particles synthesized by laser ablation, with PC more toxic than PET. Interestingly, on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a conventional intestinal barrier model, none of the NPs produced toxic effects. This work wants to contribute to increase knowledge on the potential risks posed by NPs.
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In Vitro High-Throughput Toxicological Assessment of Nanoplastics
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This study performed high-throughput toxicological screening of nanoplastics produced by laser ablation and colloidal synthesis, characterizing their physicochemical properties alongside biological activity. The in vitro assay approach enables rapid assessment of nanoplastic toxicity across a range of particle types and concentrations.
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Researchers developed a laser ablation approach to generate polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoplastic model particles that more closely mimic real environmental nanopollutants than synthetically produced colloid-chemistry samples. The resulting PET nanoparticles were characterized for chemical and physical properties and stability in different media, and their toxicology was assessed to evaluate interactions with biological systems.
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Researchers developed a laser ablation method to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics that closely mimic those found in the environment, unlike commercially available engineered nanoparticles. Toxicology tests on marine organisms showed that these realistic PET nanoplastics caused measurable biological effects, suggesting that the method provides a more accurate tool for studying nanoplastic impacts.
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Researchers exposed multiple mammalian cell types to PET micro- and nanoplastics in both 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid models, finding dose-dependent cytotoxicity and rapid oxidative stress at concentrations above 2.5 µg/mL, while also documenting how particle adsorption and light scattering can introduce false-positive or false-negative results in standard assays if not carefully controlled.
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Researchers developed a quality-by-design approach for producing standardized PET and polypropylene nanoplastic test materials suitable for biological assays. The study provides a systematic framework for generating consistent nanoplastic particles for use in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies.
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