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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) enhanced polystyrene particles uptake by human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells
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Researchers found that the persistent pollutant PFOS significantly enhanced the uptake of polystyrene micro- and nanoparticles by human intestinal Caco-2 cells, suggesting that co-exposure to PFOS and microplastics may increase the risk of particle absorption in the human gut.
As microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are widely distributed in the environment and can be transferred to human body through food chain, their potential impact on human health is of great concern. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is persistent, bioaccumulative and can be adsorbed by MNPs. However, there are few studies on the combined human health effects of MNPs with PFOS. In this study, the effects of polystyrene (PS) particles and PFOS on human colon adenocarcinoma cell Caco-2 were investigated in vitro to explore the combined toxicity from cellular level, and the toxic mechanism was further illustrated. Results showed that the presence of PFOS significantly increased the cell uptake of PS nanoparticles by >30 %, which is related to variations of the surface properties of PS particles, including the decrease of hydration kinetic diameter, the rise of surface potential and the adsorption of hydrophobic PFOS molecules. The toxic effect of PFOS was weakened in the presence of PS particles under low PFOS concentration (10 μg/mL), which is because the bioavailability of PFOS was reduced after adsorption. PS particles with small particle size (20 nm) showed higher cell uptake and ROS production, while PS particles with large particle size (1 μm) led to higher lipid oxidation degree and related membrane damage as well as mitochondrial stress. This study provides the first evaluation of combined toxicity of MNPs and PFOS on human intestinal cells, in order to support the risk assessment of combined pollution of MNPs and PFOS on human health.
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The partition behavior of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA) on microplastics
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This study examined the sorption of PFOS and FOSA — two persistent fluorinated chemicals — onto polyethylene, polystyrene, and PVC microplastics and found that sorption capacity varied by polymer type and was influenced by pH, salinity, and organic matter. The results suggest microplastics could act as transport vectors for these persistent pollutants in marine environments.
Polystyrene micro and nanoplastics attenuated the bioavailability and toxic effects of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on soybean (Glycine max) sprouts
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Researchers studied how polystyrene micro and nanoplastics interact with the industrial pollutant PFOS in hydroponic soybean sprouts. They found that plastics actually adsorbed the PFOS and reduced its toxicity by making it less bioavailable, though nanoparticle uptake into plant tissue increased. The study offers new insights into how plastic particles can alter the behavior and risk of other environmental contaminants in agricultural systems.
Enhanced uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid by polystyrene nanoparticles in Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas)
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Researchers found that polystyrene nanoparticles significantly enhanced the uptake of the toxic chemical PFOA in Pacific oysters. The presence of 20 nm nanoparticles increased PFOA absorption by up to 3.2-fold and amplified PFOA-induced oxidative stress by 3-fold, suggesting that nanoplastics can act as carriers that worsen the effects of other environmental contaminants in marine organisms.
Adsorption Behavior of Nonylphenol on Polystyrene Microplastics and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Caco-2 Cells
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Researchers studied how polystyrene microplastics adsorb the endocrine disruptor nonylphenol and evaluated the cytotoxicity of the combined system in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Smaller microplastic particles (0.1 micrometers) had greater nonylphenol adsorption capacity, and both the microplastics and nonylphenol together were more cytotoxic than either alone.
Influence of non-degradable and degradable microplastics on the bioavailability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance in mice: Mechanism exploration
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Researchers studied how microplastics in food affect the body's absorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of persistent chemicals found in drinking water. They found that high doses of polystyrene microplastics significantly increased PFAS absorption in mice while reducing the amount excreted, essentially making these harmful chemicals more bioavailable. The study suggests that microplastics in the diet could amplify the health risks posed by co-occurring chemical contaminants.
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