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Microalgae colonization and trace element accumulation on the plastisphere of marine plastic debris in Monastir Bay (Eastern Tunisia)
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Researchers examined the plastisphere microalgal community colonizing low-density polyethylene debris in Monastir Bay, Tunisia, finding cyanobacteria dominated, with chlorophytes and diatoms also present. They also measured trace element accumulation on the plastic surfaces, highlighting plastic debris as a distinct ecological niche for microalgal communities.
Abstract In this study, we examined the epiplastic microalgal community that developed on low-density polyethylene (LD-PE) plastic debris found in two distinct regions of the Monastir Bay (Tunisia): the coast exposed to anthropogenic discharges and the open sea in front of the Kuriat Islands. The analysis of trace elements accumulated in the plastisphere was also carried out. The collected plastispheres were predominantly composed of cyanobacteria. Chlorophytes and diatoms were also found. Euglenophyceae was also recorded but with comparatively low relative abundance (RA), whereas dinoflagellates were almost absent. The diatom showed a high diversity of species (25 species). Potentially harmful microalgae (PHM) were more abundant in the plastisphere than in seawater at all stations. For all coastal area stations, most of the PHM colonizing the plastisphere are potentially harmful cyanobacteria. For S1 (offshore station), the PHM community profile was characterized by the dominance of potentially harmful diatoms. The main potentially harmful cyanobacterium identified on the plastisphere was Phormidium sp. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was the only potentially harmful diatom observed on the plastisphere. Accumulation of trace elements in plastisphere was higher than that in sediments. Trace elements in plastisphere are ranked with a very high contamination factor at all sites, according to the sequence Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni > Zn. The accumulation of trace elements in the plastisphere is highest near areas with harbor and industrial activities and the urban rejects zone.
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