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Microplastics in aquatic environment
Original title: Microplastics in aquatic environment
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This Croatian-language overview covers the sources, properties, and environmental distribution of microplastics, defined as particles from 5 mm down to 100 nm. It discusses how their physical and chemical characteristics make them persistent in aquatic environments, where they pose the greatest risk to living organisms through direct ingestion.
Mikroplastika je pojam za čestice dimenzija od 5 mm do 100 nm koje najčešće nastaju fragmentacijom plastike. U svom sastavu najčešće sadrži različite polimere i aditive, a u okolišu se može pojaviti u različitim oblicima i bojama. Teško se uklanja iz okoliša zbog svojih fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava čime predstavlja veliki problem za okoliš, ali i organizme koji ga nastanjuju. U najvećim se koncentracijama mikroplastika može naći u vodenom okolišu te tamo predstavlja najveću opasnost zbog izravnog kontakta sa živim organizmima koji tamo prebivaju. Zbog vrlo malih dimenzija, organizmi često zamjene mikroplastiku za hranu i tako ju ingestijom unose u svoj organizam. Tako unesena mikroplastika može rezultirati nizom štetnih učinaka poput promjena u ponašanju, oksidativnog stresa, poremećaja u krvotoku i mnogih drugih. Na taj način mikroplastika se unosi u hranidbeni lanac kojim može dospjeti i do čovjeka koji konzumira kontaminiranu hranu. Zbog sve većih koncentracija mikroplastike koja se pojavljuje u svim sastavnicama okoliša te njenih štetnih učinaka koji su do sada otkriveni kroz mnoga istraživanja, mnoge ju zemlje diljem svijeta smatraju zabrinjavajućim onečišćivalom. U ovom se radu najveća pažnja posvetila upravo mikroplastici koja je prisutna u vodenom okolišu, njenim svojstvima te njenim štetnim učincima na organizmima koji su dokazani kroz mnoga istraživanja kao i metodama kojima se nastoji ukloniti.
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