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Biodegradation of polystyrene microplastic particles by bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus
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This study tested the ability of Bacillus cereus to biodegrade polystyrene microplastic particles under optimized laboratory conditions using a full factorial experimental design. Parameters tracked included bacterial cell counts, total organic carbon, and carbon concentrations over 30 days. Results suggest B. cereus has measurable potential for microbial remediation of polystyrene microplastics from environmental media.
''Tradicionalna'' plastika koju dobivamo iz ugljena, prirodnog plina i nafte jedna je od ekološki štetnijih tvari koje proizvodi čovjek, no ona je vrlo važna i koristna za izgradnju kvalitetnog životnog okruženja. Plastika je iznimno primjenjiv materijal; transparentan, isplativ, lagan, jak i izdržljiv, te posjeduje svojstva koja ga čine korisnima u medicini, poljoprivredi, domaćinstvu te u industrijskoj primjeni. Iako su navedena svojstva poželjna, vrlo stabilna struktura plastike otežava proces biorazgradnje. Plastični materijali se prekomjerno koriste, neodgovorno odbacuju te kao takvi opstaju u tlu, moru i slatkovodnim ekosustavima te se razlažu na manje čestice. Sve plastične čestice manje od 5 mm nazivaju se mikroplastikom (MP). Kroz godine istraživanja, utvrđeni su štetni učinci aditiva koji se dodaju plastici tijekom procesa proizvodnje. Stoga je od izuzetne važnosti pronaći učinkovitu metodu uklanjanja mikroplastike iz okoliša. Sadašnje znanje o aerobnoj biorazgradnji ističe potencijal mikrobnih kultura za uklanjenje mikroplastike iz okoliša. U ovom radu ispitala se biorazgradnja polistirena (PS) primjenom bakterijske kulture Bacillus cereus pri određenim optimalnim uvjetima. Plan eksperimenta biorazgradnje dizajniran je prema punom faktorskom planu. Na temelju preliminarnih pokusa odredili su se značajni čimbenici za biorazgradnju PS-a. Tijekom procesa pratio se broj izraslih stanica bakterija (CFU), koncentracija ukupnog organskog ugljika (TOC), ukupnog ugljika (TC) i anorganskog ugljika (IC) te je provedena LC/MS analiza u svrhu identificiranja otpuštenih aditiva s površine MP-a ili nastalih razgradnih organskih produkata. Uzorci su okarakterizirani FTIR-ATR analizom. Na kraju svih procesa biorazgradnje ispitana je i ekotoksičnost filtrata primjenom bakterije Vibrio fischeri radi utvrđivanja postojećih potencijalnih štetnih učinaka na ispitivani organizam. Eksperimentalni rezultati obrađeni su korištenjem statističke analize varijance (ANOVA). Rezultati pokusa ukazuju da je bolji rast bakterije Bacillus cereus uočen pri najmanjoj veličini čestica (<300 μm), najmanjoj vrijednosti koncentracije (50 mg/L) i najnižem broju okretaja (100 o/min). S obzirom na navedene optimalne uvjete, ispitivana bakterijska kultura ima sposobnost biorazgradnje MP-a.
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Researchers optimized polystyrene microplastic biodegradation using Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes bacteria isolated from contaminated environments, identifying agitation speed and particle size as key factors affecting degradation efficiency.
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Bacillus cereus bacteria isolated from a polluted river in India were shown to degrade polystyrene microplastics in laboratory conditions, achieving a 20% weight loss over 30 days. The study identifies a river-sourced bacterium as a candidate microorganism for bioremediation of polystyrene pollution.
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Researchers evaluated Pseudomonas alcaligenes as a bioremediation agent for polystyrene and PVC microplastics in aqueous environments, using a full factorial design with variables including particle size, pH, and optical density monitored over 30 days. Carbon concentrations, bacterial growth, and potential toxic metabolite formation were tracked throughout the experiment. The study assessed both biodegradation efficiency and the safety of byproducts produced during the process.
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Researchers found that a beneficial floc-forming bacterium, Bacillus cereus, isolated from a fish farm could break down polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene microplastics when used as its sole carbon source. Over 60 days, the bacteria caused measurable weight loss and surface changes in the plastic particles, suggesting a potential biological approach to microplastic remediation in aquaculture settings.
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