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Bioremediation of water polluted with polystyrene microplastic particles using bacterial culture Pseudomonas alcaligenes
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Researchers evaluated Pseudomonas alcaligenes as a bioremediation agent for polystyrene and PVC microplastics in aqueous environments, using a full factorial design with variables including particle size, pH, and optical density monitored over 30 days. Carbon concentrations, bacterial growth, and potential toxic metabolite formation were tracked throughout the experiment. The study assessed both biodegradation efficiency and the safety of byproducts produced during the process.
Razgradnja pogrešno zbrinutog ili nezbrinutog polimernog otpada u okolišu dugotrajan je proces s neželjenim i zabrinjavajućim produktima. Na taj način, uslijed klimatskih utjecaja, dolazi do slabljenja fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava plastičnog materijala, ali i njegova propadanja što pak otvara mogućnost migracije zrakom ili vodom do živih organizama. Takve čestice, kojima se još uvijek ne zna točan rizik, a predstavljaju veliku zabrinutost, nazivamo mikroplastika (MP). MP kategoriziramo kao polimerne čestice veličine manje od 5 mm. Glavni fokus do sada bio je na ekotoksikološkim istraživanjima, a sada i na pokušaj dizajna alternativnog sustava za bioremedijaciju glavnih sastavnica okoliša u svrhu zaštite od potencijalnih štetnih učinaka na ekosustave. Cilj ovog rada bio je razgradnja MP-a polistirena (PS) i poli(vinil-klorida) (PVC) pomoću bakterijske kulture Pseudomonas alcaligenes u vodenom okolišu i evidentiranje potencijalnih štetnih učinaka nepoznatih metabolita koji pritom mogu nastati. Primijenjen je puni faktorski plan (eng. Full factorial design) za postavljanje pokusa s tri čimbenika na tri razine. Glavni ispitivani čimbenici u pokusu s PS-om bili su veličina čestica, broj okretaja i optička gustoća (OG), a s PVC-om pH-vrijednost, koncentracija MP-e i OG. Pokus se provodio tijekom 30 dana, a uzorci za analizu izuzimani su u 0., 3., 7., 14., 21. i 30. danu. U navedenim danima pratila se koncentracija organskog i anorganskog ugljika, OG, CFU i nastajanje nusprodukata procesa HPLC-MS analizom. Analiza promjena u strukturi čestica PS-a i PVC-a nakon pokusa provedena je FTIR-ATR spektroskopijom, a toksičnost filtrata određena je bakterijom V. fischeri. Svim navedenim analizama potvrđeno je da u procesu uistinu dolazi do promjena u strukturi plastike što indicira da se ona biorazgrađuje. Analizom varijance (ANOVA) potvrđeno je da je model značajan u oba pokusa, a da su optimalni uvjeti za provođenje pokusa s PS-om: broj okretaja od 180 o/min, veličina MP-a 203 μm i OG 0,27. U pokusu s PVC-om idealni su uvjeti pH 7, γMP 50 mg/L i OG 0,3.
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This study tested the ability of Bacillus cereus to biodegrade polystyrene microplastic particles under optimized laboratory conditions using a full factorial experimental design. Parameters tracked included bacterial cell counts, total organic carbon, and carbon concentrations over 30 days. Results suggest B. cereus has measurable potential for microbial remediation of polystyrene microplastics from environmental media.
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