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Investigating the effects of biodegradable microplastics and copper ions on probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens): Toxicity and application

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022 65 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Ruijin Li, Jiaxi Tao, Danlian Huang, Wei Zhou, Wei Zhou, Lan Gao, Xinya Wang, Haojie Chen, Hai Huang

Summary

Researchers investigated the effects of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics and copper ions on the probiotic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The study found that PLA microplastics caused oxidative damage and inhibited bacterial growth by 21-27%, but when combined with copper, the microplastics did not simply amplify copper toxicity and instead triggered adaptive metabolic responses in the bacteria.

Polymers

Currently, microplastic pollution is more serious and complicates the toxic effects of other co-existing pollutants in the environment. However, the effect and mechanism of biodegradable plastics on the growth and metabolism of probiotic remain unclear. This work selected Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as model bacterium for a three-day exposure experiment to probe the issues. The results showed that 100 mg/L polylactic acid microplastics (PLA MPs) (3-4 mm, flake shape) caused oxidative damage to cell membranes, disrupted cell wall composition and inhibited cell growth by 21.2-27.5 %. The toxicity was not simply additive or synergistic effects when PLA MPs (100 mg/L) and copper ions (10 mg/L) coexisted. PLA MPs did not significantly increase the toxicity of copper to bacteria, instead triggered some mechanisms to resist the toxicity of copper. The bacteria formed spores to resist PLA MPs, while the copper ions toxicity was weaken by chelation and efflux. It is worth noting that copper ions instead increased the expression of genes related fengycin and iturin then improving the bacteriostatic activity of the probiotic. This paper deeply analyzes the toxicity mechanism of combined pollution on Bacillus amyloliquefacien, and also provides new perspective for helping to inhibit pathogenic bacteria under biodegradable microplastics and metal stress.

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