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Investigation of adsorption kinetics and capacities of organic pollutants on weathered polyethylene microplastics
Original title: Investigation of adsorption kinetics and capacities of organic pollutants on weathered polyethylene microplastics
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This Croatian-language study examined the adsorption of organic pollutants—including pharmaceuticals and pesticides—onto weathered polyethylene microplastics. UV aging was shown to alter the physical and chemical surface properties of PE, changing its adsorption capacity and potentially increasing its environmental hazard. The work contributes to understanding how plastic weathering in natural environments affects the transport and bioavailability of co-occurring chemical contaminants.
Polimeri su organske tvari velike molekulske mase, građeni su od mera odnosno manjih ponavljajućih jedinica vezanih kovalentnim vezama. Zbog različitih svojstava koje posjeduju polimeri imaju široku primjenu u različitim industrijama. Polietilen (PE) je jedan od najčešće korištena polimera. Termoplastičan je i lagan za obradu, fleksibilan, otporan je na niske temperature, vlačna naprezanja i abraziju, posjeduje nisku toplinsku vodljivost. Mikroplastika je pojam koji se najčešće odnosi na plastične čestice promjera manjeg od 5 mm, obzirom na izvor nastajanja mikroplastika se dijeli na dvije vrste primarnu i sekundarnu mikroplastiku. Razgradnjom plastike narušava se njena polimerna struktura te dolazi do promjene njenih fizikalnih, kemijskih i drugih svojstava. Starenje plastike, odnosno površinska razgradnja, je nepovratan proces pri kojim se mijenjaju karakteristična kemijska i fizikalna svojstva plastike. Industrija i poljoprivreda su uglavnom odgovorne za umjetna onečišćenja. Onečišćenje okoliša kategorički se dijeli na dvije vrste: organski i anorganski. Glavni uzročnici organskog onečišćenja su pesticidi, sintetičke boje i farmaceutici. Farmaceutici/lijekovi su tvari ili smjese različitih tvari koje se koriste za sprječavanje, ublažavanje i liječenje bolesti kod ljudi i životinja u određenim količinama i pri određenim uvjetima. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati kinetiku i kapacitet adsorpcije organskih onečišćivala, farmaceutika diklofenaka i ciprofloksacina na starene mikročestice polietilena. Korišten je polietilen visoke gustoće ne staren (HDPE 0) i staren 56 dana (HDPE UV 56) pod UV-zračenjem. Za određivanje promjene intenziteta karakterističnih pikova za navedene vrste mikroplastike provedeno je FTIR analiza. Promjena koncentracije ispitivanih farmaceutika praćena je visoko djelotvornom tekućinkom kromatografijom sa detektorom s nizom dioda. FTIR analiza je utvrdila karakteristične vrpce polietilena te se na dobivenom spektru može uvidjeti smanjenje intenziteta pikova za stareni uzorak što ukazuje na razgradnju mikroplastike. Korištenjem linerane regresije ovisnosti log (qe) o log (Ce) određena su vrijednosti koeficijenta korelacije (R^2) kojima se odredio Freundlich-ov model kao najpogodniji model za opis mehanizama adsorpcije. Dobivene vrijednosti koeficijenta n nalaze se između 1 i 2 što ukazuje na umjereno povoljan fizikalni proces.
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