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Microplastics as Contaminants in Water Bodies and Their Threat to the Aquatic Animals: A Mini-Review
Summary
This review summarizes research on microplastics as aquatic contaminants, covering their origins, global distribution, and harmful effects on aquatic animals including impaired growth, oxidative stress, disrupted gut microbiota, and reproductive and immune system damage.
Microplastics (MPs), which are particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm, have been extensively studied due to their serious global pollution. Typically, MPs in water originate from terrestrial input. A number of studies have reported the presence of MPs as a stressor in water environments worldwide, and their potential threat to the aquatic animals, affecting the growth, oxidative stress responses, body composition, histopathology, intestinal flora, and immune and reproduction systems. During the plastic degradation process, a large variety of toxic substances are released. MPs have been proposed to be the carriers of toxic chemicals and harmful microorganisms. A study of the literature on MP pollution and stress on the aquatic animals associated with MPs was carried out.