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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Gut & Microbiome Human Health Effects Nanoplastics Policy & Risk Sign in to save

Uncovering the nexus of human health hazards of nanoplastics, gut-dysbiosis and antibiotic-resistance

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Prashant Sharma, Sakshi Dagariya, Shubham Sharma, Manish Singh

Summary

This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis specifically linking nanoplastic exposure to gut dysbiosis and antibiotic resistance gene propagation, finding that nanoplastics suppress beneficial microbes while fostering pathogens and creating conditions that promote horizontal transfer of resistance genes.

Body Systems

Nanoplastics (1-1000 nm) (NPs) represent a novel and insidious class of emerging contaminants with the potential to profoundly disrupt gut microbial ecology and accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance two critical and converging threats to global health. While prior studies have examined the toxicokinetics of NPs and their general microbial interactions, this review provides the first comprehensive synthesis specifically focused on the nexus between NPs, gut dysbiosis, and the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This review highlights how NPs alter gut microbiota composition, suppressing beneficial microbes while fostering opportunistic pathogens and how such imbalances may contribute to human health issues. Importantly, emerging evidence also suggests that NPs may serve as unrecognized vectors for horizontal gene transfer (HGT), enabling the rapid dissemination of ARGs via conjugation, transformation, transduction, and extracellular vesicles within the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, this review also identifies urgent methodological gaps in detecting NPs in biological matrices and the environment, as well as assessing their mechanistic impacts, calling for innovation in analytical approaches. By presenting an interdisciplinary perspective that bridges nanotoxicology, microbiome science, and antimicrobial resistance, this article sheds light on an underexplored yet urgent frontier in environmental health, offering novel insights to guide future research, risk assessment, and policy development.

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