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Assessing the Dual Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Living Organisms: Beneficial and Noxious Effects
Summary
This review examines the dual effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in animal agriculture, aquaculture, and veterinary medicine, noting both beneficial antimicrobial properties and potential toxicity concerns. Researchers found that while these nanoparticles show promise against multi-drug-resistant bacteria, their environmental accumulation raises questions about ecosystem and health impacts. The study highlights the need to balance the utility of nanoparticle technologies against their potential risks as environmental contaminants.
Nanotechnology is gaining popularity in the realm of animal management, husbandry, and production.Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been under scrutiny for a considerable duration.These NPs have contributed to advancements in animal agriculture, aquaculture, and veterinary medicine.Consequently, ZnO NPs have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents, especially in the context of rising multi-drug-resistant bacteria.Their heightened effectiveness in addressing a broad spectrum of infections has garnered significant attention.Moreover, Zn, recognized as an essential trace element for numerous biological functions in animals, plays a pivotal role in their overall well-being.These NPs have found utility in sunscreens, and there are assertions that they could serve as supplementary treatments to mitigate the adverse effects of chemotherapy.While ZnO NPs hold promise as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer agents, it is crucial to be cautious regarding alterations in their dosage, as they can entail significant hazards to multiple organs in animals, including the liver, lungs, and kidneys.In the field of biomedicine, ZnO NPs are widely utilized for disease diagnosis and monitoring owing to their substantial potential.However, their widespread adoption in biomedical applications encounters obstacles because of sporadic toxicity concerns.Indeed, they have been identified as carrying toxicological risks, affecting various bodily organs and systems, such as the liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, pancreas, heart, and lungs.Moreover, adverse effects on the nervous system, lymphatic system, hematological indices, sex hormone levels, and fetal development have been linked to these NPs.In this review, we aim to evaluate the utilization of ZnO NPs in various animal-related applications, considering both their promising benefits and potential risks.
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