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A Fast Method for Determination of Seven Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples with the Use of HPLC-FLD
Summary
Researchers developed a fast, simple method using HPLC-FLD to detect seven different bisphenol compounds in human breast milk samples. The study highlights the importance of monitoring not just bisphenol A but also its substitutes in breast milk, since these replacement compounds may be equally or more toxic than BPA, particularly for infants whose conjugation capacity is less developed.
Plastic pollution, where bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in its production, has gained popularity. BPA omnipresence and toxicity, especially for infants, has led food safety authorities to place restrictions on BPA usage. It has led to the introduction of the marked 'BPA-free'-labelled products, where BPA is often replaced by other bisphenols (BPs) which are suspected of being similar or even more toxic than BPA. Moreover, the free forms of BPs are more dangerous than their conjugated forms and the conjugation of BPs is less effective in infants than in adults. Considering that human breast milk is the main source of nutrition for infants, the constant biomonitoring not only of BPA, but the wider group of BPs in such crucial matrices seems to be vital. In this study, a fast, simple, 'green' and cost-effective DLLME-based extraction technique combined with HPLC-FLD was optimized for the determination of seven selected bisphenols simultaneously. The procedure has satisfactory recovery values of 67-110% with the most RSD% at 17%. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 2.1 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL to 6.3 ng/mL, respectively. The procedure was successfully applied to the biomonitoring of free forms of BPs in 10 real human breast milk samples.