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Revealing the sorption mechanisms of carbamazepine on pristine and aged microplastics with extended DLVO theory
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Using extended DLVO theory, this study quantified the sorption mechanisms of the pharmaceutical carbamazepine onto both pristine and UV-aged microplastics, finding that aging significantly altered surface properties and shifted the dominant sorption mechanisms, with implications for pharmaceutical transport in aquatic environments.
The co-occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and organic contaminants in aquatic environment can complexify their environmental fate via sorption interactions, especially when the properties of MPs can even vary due to the aging effect. Thus, quantitatively clarifying the sorption mechanisms is required to understand their environmental impacts. This study selected popularly occurring carbamazepine (CBZ) and four types of MPs as model systems, including polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene in their pristine and aged forms, to investigate the sorption isotherms, kinetics, and desorption. The variation of MPs during the aging process were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the aging process elevated the sorption capacity and intensified the desorption hysteresis of CBZ on MPs via increasing the surface roughness, decreasing the particle size, and altering the surficial chemistry of all MPs. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was innovatively applied hereby to calculate the interfacial free energies and revealed that the hydrophobic interaction was significantly lessened after aging for all MPs with the slightly enhanced van der Waals interaction. Then the total interfacial free energies were dropped down for all MPs, which resulted in their declined specific sorption capacity. This work reveals the sorption mechanisms of CBZ on pristine and aged MPs with XDLVO and provides a useful reference to study the sorption of other neutral organics onto MPs.
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This review examines the sorption of pharmaceuticals onto microplastics in aquatic environments, analyzing how polymer type, particle size, surface area, polarity, and pharmaceutical properties such as log Kow and pKa influence sorption behavior, and how weathering and aging processes increase sorption capacity by altering microplastic surface chemistry and topography.
Adsorption performance and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin onto microplastics: effects of different textures and aging degrees.
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Researchers examined ciprofloxacin adsorption onto pristine and UV-aged polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyamide 6 microplastics, finding that UV aging increased oxygen-containing surface functional groups and raised maximum adsorption capacity by up to 40%, with density functional theory calculations identifying hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and π interactions as primary binding mechanisms.
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This study examined how aging alters microplastic surface properties and their sorption of pharmaceuticals (including naproxen) and effects on aquatic toxicity. Aged MPs showed different sorption behavior and toxicity compared to pristine MPs, with aging-dominated effects shifting the risk profile of pharmaceutical-MP co-exposure.
Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium by Aged Degradable and Non-Degradable Microplastics: Environmental Effects, Adsorption Mechanisms
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Researchers found that UV aging of both polystyrene and biodegradable PBAT microplastics increased their surface oxidation and hydrophilicity, enhancing their capacity to adsorb the pharmaceutical pollutant diclofenac sodium through surface interaction and pore-filling mechanisms.
Interactions of emerging contaminants with model colloidal microplastics, C60 fullerene, and natural organic matter – effect of surface functional group and adsorbate properties
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Researchers studied how two common pharmaceutical contaminants — amlodipine and carbamazepine — adsorb onto colloidal microplastics, natural organic matter, and fullerene nanoparticles. The drug amlodipine accumulated at much higher levels than carbamazepine, and the type of surface coating on the plastic significantly influenced how much drug was absorbed, with implications for how microplastics carry pharmaceuticals through water systems.
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