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Dry–wet cycle changes the influence of microplastics (MPs) on the antioxidant activity of lettuce and the rhizospheric bacterial community
Summary
Researchers found that dry-wet soil cycles intensify the stress caused by polypropylene and PET microplastics on lettuce, boosting antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing biomass, and that plastic type significantly shapes rhizospheric bacterial communities involved in nutrient cycling.
The increasing soil microplastics (MPs) pollution and the dry–wet alternation caused by climate change occur widely. Emerging studies have shown their negative impacts on the structure of soil bacteria and plant physiology. However, there is limited research on the effects of MPs exposure under different water regimes, and the influence processes are inconclusive. Therefore, the impacts of MPs under different water regimes on the antioxidant activity of vegetable and the soil bacterial community were studied. A continuous water supply and a dry–wet cycle were established to compare the effects of two types of MPs (polypropylene (PP); polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) growth and soil bacterial community, determined by antioxidant enzyme activity analysis, and by high-throughput sequencing analysis, respectively. The PET influenced the lettuce growth and bacterial diversity largely compared to PP. The dry–wet cycle enhanced the effects of MPs on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in lettuce, while it reduced lettuce biomass and root activity. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant soil bacteria under all treatments. The addition of MPs increased the relative abundance of nutrient-related bacteria such as Proteobacteria. MPs addition increased intragroup differences in soil bacterial diversity, and the dry–wet cycle reduced intergroup differences caused by MPs. The polymer type of MPs influenced the antioxidant activity of lettuce roots and leaves. The dry–wet cycle intensified the exposure risk of MPs by enhancing the stimulation of MPs on the antioxidant activity of lettuce. The dry–wet cycle significantly reduced the MPs-induced differences in bacterial communities. In short, the dry–wet cycle might alter the ecological risks in plant-soil ecosystem by shifting soil bacterial lineages related to nutrient cycling and metabolic function under MPs exposure.