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The Impact of Pollution on Biodiversity Loss: A Review
Summary
This review synthesized global literature on how air, water, soil, and chemical pollutants — including microplastics — contribute to biodiversity loss. The authors conclude that pollution acts through multiple pathways to reduce species diversity and ecosystem health, often in combination with other stressors.
Biodiversity loss is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of the 21st century, driven by multiple anthropogenic factors including pollution. This review synthesizes recent literature on how various forms of pollution such as air, water, soil and chemical pollutants contribute to the decline in species diversity and ecosystem health. Drawing from global studies, we highlight key mechanisms like habitat degradation, toxicity to organisms and cascading ecosystem effects. Findings indicate that pollution exacerbates biodiversity loss, with disproportionate impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We discuss mitigation strategies and emphasize the need for integrated pollution control to safeguard biodiversity. This paper underscores the urgency of addressing pollution as a core driver in conservation efforts.
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