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Influence of polystyrene nanoparticles on the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A in human intestinal cell lines
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When human intestinal cells were exposed to both polystyrene nanoparticles and the flame retardant TBBPA together, the chemical pollutant dominated the toxic response, causing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and disruption of mitochondrial function. The study shows that mixing microplastics with other contaminants can produce complex, hard-to-predict health effects in gut cells, which matters because people are routinely exposed to multiple pollutants at once.
Abstract Research and regulatory efforts in toxicology are increasingly focused on the development of suitable non-animal methodologies for human health risk assessment. In this work we used human intestinal Caco-2 and HCT29/MTX cell lines to address the potential risks of mixtures of the emerging contaminants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and commercial polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs). We employed different in vitro settings to evaluate basal cytotoxicity through three complementary endpoints (metabolic activity, plasmatic, and lysosomal membrane integrity) and the induction of the oxidative stress and DNA-damage responses with specific endpoints. Although no clear pattern was observed, our findings highlight the predominant impact of TBBPA in the combined exposures under subcytotoxic conditions, and a differential behavior of the Caco-2 and HT29/MTX co-culture system. Distinctive outcomes detected with the mixture treatments include ROS increases, disturbances of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, generation of alkali-sensitive sites in DNA, as well as significant changes in the expression levels of relevant DNA and oxidative stress related genes.
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Researchers evaluated the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles and the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A on differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells, finding co-exposure induced genotoxicity and disrupted intestinal barrier differentiation beyond effects observed with either contaminant alone.
Influence of the co-exposure of microplastics and tetrabromobisphenol A on human gut: Simulation in vitro with human cell Caco-2 and gut microbiota
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Researchers studied the combined effects of polyethylene microplastics and the flame retardant TBBPA on human gut cells and gut bacteria in laboratory experiments. The study found that both substances damaged human intestinal cells, with TBBPA playing the larger role, while microplastics amplified certain harmful effects at high concentrations. TBBPA also selectively killed beneficial gut bacteria like Lactobacillus while promoting potentially harmful species, and microplastics enhanced this imbalance.
Detrimental effects of individual versus combined exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A and polystyrene nanoplastics in fish cell lines
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Researchers tested how combined exposure to the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A and polystyrene nanoparticles affects freshwater fish cells. They found that co-exposure to even low concentrations of both pollutants caused subtle changes in cell viability and generated oxidative DNA damage. The study suggests that the interaction between nanoplastics and chemical pollutants in aquatic environments may pose compounding risks to fish health.
Combined toxicity of co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and arsenic on the gut-liver axis in mice.
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Mice exposed to both nanoplastics and arsenic together, common pollutants that can show up in food and water, suffered worse gut and liver damage than expected, including a weakened gut barrier, disrupted gut bacteria, and increased inflammation. This suggests that real-world exposure to multiple pollutants at once may pose greater health risks than studying each one alone would predict.
Influence of polystyrene nanoparticles on the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A in human intestinal cell lines
AI summary Read the abstract
Researchers tested the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles and the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in human intestinal cell lines, finding that TBBPA dominated the toxic response in mixtures, inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and DNA strand breaks even at sub-lethal concentrations.
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