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A Study of the Properties of Mineral, Chemical, and Vegetable Fibers
Summary
This study compared the mechanical properties — including diameter, linear density, breaking strength, and microplastic generation — of various mineral, chemical, and vegetable fiber types. The measurement of microplastic production from fiber breakage provides data relevant to understanding how synthetic textile fibers contribute to environmental microplastic contamination.
Comparative tests of the following fibers are conducted under the same conditions: mineral (basalt, glass), carbon, chemical (polycaproamide, polyacrylonitrile, viscose fibers), and vegetable (bast fibers of linen, hemp, nettle). The diameter of a monofiber, linear density, breaking strength of a roving (a bundle of fibers) and microplastics, breaking tenacity, and gain ratio are assessed. Glass and basalt fibers have the highest linear density of 1200–2500 tex; carbon, 378 tex; chemical, 183 tex (except for PANF, which has 826 tex); and bast vegetable fibers, 440–630 tex. The breaking tenacity for glass rovings and basalt rovings is comparable of 240–264 mN/tex and is the highest of 597 mN/tex for carbon rovings; the gain ratio is 2–2.25. For chemical fibers, the breaking tenacity is 282–323 mN/tex (92 mN/tex in viscose ones) and the gain ratio is 0.5–0.9. Of vegetable fibers, the highest breaking strength of 93–102 mN/tex is in the fibers of linen and hemp, which exceeds this parameter for a viscose fiber; the gain ratio is 1.6 in hemp and 4.39 in linen. In fibers of nettle, the results are the lowest among vegetable fibers.