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Microplastic and nanoparticles contaminated feed impairs common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth performance and metabolic regulation
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This review pulls together existing studies showing that tiny plastic particles (micro- and nanoplastics) can build up in fish, damaging their gut, gills, heart, brain, and immune system by causing inflammation and cellular stress. While this research was done in fish, it matters for us too, since these plastics are widespread in water and seafood, and fish share many biological similarities with humans, meaning our bodies could face similar risks from ongoing plastic exposure.
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Researchers reviewed the physiological and immunological effects of microplastic exposure in fish, finding that these particles smaller than 5 mm induce a range of biological disruptions including immune modulation, oxidative stress, and systemic health impacts with broader implications for aquatic ecosystem integrity.
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Researchers exposed juvenile carp to polyethylene microplastics for 45 days, documenting liver damage, inflammation, and gut microbiota disruption, then found that Opuntia cactus extract significantly reduced liver enzyme markers and restored microbial diversity, suggesting natural plant extracts may help counteract microplastic toxicity.
Impact of ingested microplastics on phenotypic traits and biochemical parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juvenile
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Juvenile Nile tilapia exposed to microplastics showed significantly lower survival rates, reduced body weight, smaller eye diameter, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced catalase activity compared to controls, indicating physiological stress and impaired antioxidant defense. These dose-response effects on a widely farmed species provide direct evidence that microplastic ingestion compromises fish growth and survival, with implications for aquaculture productivity and the integrity of fish-based food systems.
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