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Identification of Plastics in Mixtures and Blends through Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Polymers 2023 9 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Chiara Gnoffo, Alberto Frache

Summary

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) can reliably identify and quantify multiple plastic types in complex mixtures — even at low concentrations — where conventional methods like FTIR and Raman spectroscopy struggle. The technique correctly identified all five tested polymers in 15 different mixture combinations and produced linear quantitative results. This analytical advance is directly relevant to identifying the polymer composition of environmental microplastic samples with greater accuracy.

In this paper, the possibility of detecting polymers in plastic mixtures and extruded blends has been investigated. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) allows researchers to identify multicomponent mixtures and low amounts of polymers without high spatial resolution, background noise and constituents mix interfering, as with molecular spectrometry techniques normally used for this purpose, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In total, 15 solid mixtures of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA) and polycarbonate (PC) in various combinations have been qualitatively analyzed after choosing their characteristic pyrolysis products and each polymer has been detected in every mix; thus, in extruded blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), PP and PS had varying weight percentages of the individual constituents ranging from 10 up to 90. Moreover, quantitative analysis of these polymers has been achieved in every blend with a trend that can be considered linear with coefficients of determination higher than 0.9, even though the limits of quantification are lower with respect to the ones reported in the literature, probably due to the extrusion process.

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